Liv Skomakerstuen Ødbehr

• Ødbehr, Liv Skomakerstuen (2026). Sykepleie ved livets slutt. I Rykkje, Linda Lee Risnes & Myhre, Janne (Red.), Gerontologi og geriatrisk sykepleie. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202896287. s. 279–290. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Denne boken handler om sykepleie til eldre mennesker og vektlegger både gerontologiske og geriatriske perspektiver for å kunne gi helhetlig omsorg tilpasset pasientenes individuelle behov. Forfatterne er sykepleiere med spesialkompetanse som skriver for å styrke sykepleieres kliniske vurderingsevne. Målgruppen er sykepleiere på videreutdanning og mastergradsnivå, men også bachelorstudenter og andre helsearbeidere kan ha nytte av boken. Temaer i boken: aldring helhetlig sykepleie eldreomsorg i Norge sykepleie til akutt og kronisk syke eldre hjerte- og karsykdom lungesykdom ernæringssvikt diabetes kreft kroppslige plager psykisk helse demens seksuell helse vold mot eldre omsorg ved livets slutt opp Hovedbudskapet er at god sykepleie til eldre krever faglig innsikt, etisk forståelse og helhetlig omsorg som inkludert fysisk, psykisk, åndelig/eksistensiell og sosiale tiltak. Boken er et nyttig verktøy for sykepleiere som ivaretar eldre mennesker i mange ulike arbeidssteder innen helse- og omsorgstjenestene.

• Holthe, Torhild; Ødbehr, Liv Skomakerstuen & Berg, Geir Vegar (2026). Hvordan kan PAL-N bidra til å kartlegge aktivitetsnivå og tilrettelegge personsentrert ADL for personer med demens i sykehjem? Ergoterapeuten. ISSN 0800-3475. 4-2026, s. 16–24. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Det ergoterapeutiske «Pool Activity Level Instrument - PAL» er nå oversatt til norsk. PAL-N brukes for å kartlegge aktivitetsnivå hos personer med demens i sykehjem, noe ergoterapeuter ofte er involvert i. Mer enn 80 prosent av beboere i sykehjem har demens. Forskning har vist at mange sykehjemsbeboere sitter uvirksomme store deler av dagen, og det rapporteres om at årsaker til ufullstendig omsorg er skrøpelige pasienter, lav bemanning, travelhet og manglende kompetanse. PAL-N ble pilotert med ti pleiepersonell som arbeider i demensavdelinger, og som skåret til sammen 18 pasienter. Vi klarte ikke å rekruttere ergoterapeuter til denne studien. Pleiepersonellet deltok i et digitalt fokusgruppeintervju om sine erfaringer med brukervennlighet og nytteverdi av PAL-N. Funnene viste at til tross for usikkerhet knyttet til nye ord og begreper, bidro PAL-N til å øke bevisstheten om pasientens aktivitetsevne og tilrettelegging for deltakelse. PAL-N syntes også å styrke personsentret tilnærming i ADL.

• Hauger, Birgit; Martinsen, Randi; Hestad, Knut Asbjørn & Ødbehr, Liv Skomakerstuen (2026). Loneliness Among Older Adults Receiving Home Care: A Phenomenological-Hermeneutical Study. Nursing Reports. ISSN 2039-439X. 16(7), s. 1–19. doi: 10.3390/nursrep16070230. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background/Objectives: Norway’s ageing population includes many older adults living alone who receive home care and are at increased risk of loneliness. Loneliness is the subjective sense of unmet or imbalanced social needs, shaped by culture and living conditions, and can be social (lack of contact) or emotional (absence of close, trusting relationships). In older people, it often follows partner or role loss or reduced mobility or participation and is associated with emotional pain, lowered self-worth and poorer health and quality of life. This study aimed to explore patients’ experiences of loneliness while living alone and receiving home care. Methods: Twelve older patients (aged 74–98 years) participated in in-depth interviews, which were analysed using phenomenological-hermeneutical analysis in line with Lindseth and Norberg’s recommendations. Results: The results are presented under the following themes: (I) An overwhelming and painful feeling, (II) A presence without connection, and (III) Experiencing a sense of alienation. Conclusions: This study describes complex feelings of loneliness for the majority of participants, often worsened by poor mobility and shrinking social networks. From the patient perspective, good home care goes beyond practical and medical tasks: patients need to be treated as whole persons, with respect and understanding, to alleviate loneliness. Staffing stability, predictable visiting times, time for conversation, and small acts of kindness are central to well-being and the prevention of loneliness. Municipal healthcare should prioritize relationship-building, communication skills, and organizational solutions that enable continuity and flexibility. Focusing on the patient perspective in planning and evaluation will create better targeted interventions and support dignified ageing.

• Svensén, Sofia; Bolstad, Ingeborg; Ødbehr, Liv Skomakerstuen & Larsson, Ulf Gerry (2025). Perceptions of self-efficacy, everyday stress, and symptoms of anxiety and depression among traumatized women in comprehensive treatment. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 16(1), s. 1–9. doi: 10.1080/20008066.2025.2582354. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Experience of trauma may cause serious consequences for mental health and self-image. Self-efficacy and perceptions of everyday stress have shown to impact mental health in a great manner. The aim of this study was to explore the longitudinal effects of a 12-week comprehensive treatment programme, including physical exercise, nutrition, social training, and psychoeducation, in addition to traditional psychopharmacology and psychotherapy, on self-efficacy, hassles and uplifts, and symptoms of anxiety and depression in traumatized women in a clinical context. Method: Forty-eight female inpatients with a mean age of 43.7 years (SD = 10.7) receiving psychiatric treatment in a Norwegian psychiatric clinic participated in the longitudinal study. Patients responded to the questionnaires General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Stress Profile (hassles and uplifts), and the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL-10) at three points in time: at baseline, at the end of treatment, and three months after treatment. As the data were not normally distributed, non-parametric tests for dependent samples were used to analyse the data. However, as the residuals were considered normally distributed, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted. Results: All instruments, except for uplifts, showed significant changes during treatment, e.g. self-efficacy increased from 25.0 to 26.0, p = .036. A hierarchical regression conducted at baseline, with symptoms of psychological distress as the dependent variable, and age, self-efficacy, hassles, and uplifts as predictors, showed that self-efficacy was a significant predictor. At three months after treatment, the same hierarchical regression model revealed that all included predictors except age were significant, and the total variance explained by the model was 61.6 percent. Conclusion: Three months after completed treatment the results indicated associations between an increase in self-efficacy, a reduced frequency of daily hassles and a higher frequency of daily uplifts and a reduction in psychological distress.

• Ødbehr, Liv Skomakerstuen; Jensen, Aasa Serholt; Korup, Aina; Hov, Reidun; Sanaker, Harald & Sandsdalen, Tuva (2025). Patients’ experiences of quality in palliative care and advance care planning in primary care: a qualitative study. BMC Palliative Care. 24(1), s. 1–11. doi: 10.1186/s12904-025-01919-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Background Primary healthcare services provide care to patients and their relatives during the late palliative phase in the patients’ home or in facilities such as nursing homes. Patients receiving palliative care may be vulnerable due to the total pain of the situation they are facing, which requires great expertise of healthcare professionals in meeting the patients’ needs. The aim in this study was to explore patients’ experiences of quality in palliative care and advance care planning in primary healthcare services. Methods This study has a qualitative design. Five patients in the late palliative phase in primary care from different municipalities in Norway participated. All participants had experiences across both primary and specialist care settings. Individual interviews were conducted between January 2022 and July 2023. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis. The study adheres to the checklist of the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research. Results The findings are described in terms of four main themes: (1) trust in supportive clinicians to ease their future path, (2) perceived quality of palliative care depended on the context, (3) advance care planning helped to tidy up important aspects of life, and (4) personalized family support and involvement eased burdens for patients and relatives. Conclusion Patients in late palliative phase and their experiences of palliative care highlight the need for information and support from healthcare professionals, but the organization of primary healthcare settings does not adequately address these needs. A key aspect of quality in care is comprehensive and individualized follow-up throughout the patient’s illness trajectory. Another area that affects the quality of palliative care is the communication skills of healthcare professionals. Care plans for the end- of -life were developed through advance care planning, but the quality of implementation varied in home care. A huge concern for patients in the late palliative phase was if and how their relatives received the support they needed.

• Johannesen, Ørjan; Baklien, Børge & Ødbehr, Liv Skomakerstuen (2025). “Beyond a Powerless Victim” - A Phenomenological Study of Forgiveness After Offences. Human Arenas. ISSN 2522-5790. doi: 10.1007/s42087-025-00521-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Abstract Forgiveness is an existential and relational phenomenon that touches the core of human existence. It highlights how our ‘being-in-the-world’ is affected by our relationships and the violations that may occur within those relationships. Empirical research has shown that forgiveness can mitigate negative emotions, thereby enhancing self-esteem and improving one’s ability to navigate life’s challenges. Despite considerable research on the benefits of forgiveness for mental and physical health, there is an increasing demand for qualitative phenomenological studies that delve into forgiveness and its role in human transformation. This study aims to deepen our understanding of forgiveness by emphasizing its existential significance, specifically examining how the lived experience of forgiveness shapes individuals’ perceptions of the self and the world. The research question guiding this inquiry is: “What existential themes emerge in the process of forgiveness, and how do these themes contribute to human transformation as individuals articulate their personal journeys of forgiveness?” By analysing 20 narratives from The Forgiveness Project using Giorgi’s descriptive phenomenological psychological method, this study examines the role of forgiveness in personal and relational transgressions, particularly as experienced by survivors of relational trauma. The findings suggest that forgiveness entails liberating oneself from the pain and influence of past offences, cultivating compassion for both the perpetrator and oneself, and empowering individuals to shape their futures.

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• Ødbehr, Liv Skomakerstuen (2026). Olavstipend - Bispemøtet. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Velkommen til Olavstipendseminar mandag 9. februar 2026 kl. 12 på Kirkens Hus. Olavstipendiat siste halvår 2025, Anna Dalaker, presenterer sitt prosjekt om "Trosutøvelse i sykehjem: En studie av menighetspresters tilretteleggelse av trosutøvelse for mennesker med demens".  Velkommen!

• Johannesen, Ørjan; Baklien, Børge & Ødbehr, Liv Skomakerstuen (2025). The phenomenon of forgiveness – a phenomenological study of forgiveness after offences. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Presentasjon av artikkel på konferanse

• Svensen, Sofia; Bolstad, Ingeborg; Ødbehr, Liv Skomakerstuen & Larsson, Ulf Gerry (2025). Perception of self-efficacy, everyday stress, and symptoms of anxiety and depression among traumatized woman in comprehensive treatment. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Experience of trauma itself may have huge impact on mental health. Beyond this, the experiences may also have an impact on the perception of everyday stress, called hassles (negative) and uplifts (positive). As uplifts function as a buffer, restorer, and breather against hassles it is important to have a balance, or that hassles doesn´t dominate. The trauma may also arouse emotions of helplessness and being unable to cope, which might affect perceptions of self-efficacy. Both everyday stress and self-efficacy have an impact on mental health, and these are aspects that could be modified. This makes it a valuable part of treatment. An inpatient psychiatric clinic offered a 12-week comprehensive treatment, consisting of physical activity, healthy nutrition, social support, and psychoeducation, in addition to psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment.

• Svensén, Sofia; Larsson, Ulf Gerry; Bolstad, Ingeborg & Ødbehr, Liv Skomakerstuen (2026). Mental health outcomes following a comprehensive treatment programme for patients with psychological trauma. Universitet i Innlandet / University of Inland Norway. ISSN 9788283806236. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The aim of this article-based dissertation was to study the outcomes of a comprehensive treatment programme on the mental health of patients with psychological trauma background. To experience traumatic events may have severe consequences for mental health and can also affect the perception of everyday situations in a negative way. Studies 1 and 2 were quantitative studies with a longitudinal design. The participants were inpatients in a Norwegian mental health facility for a 12-week treatment programme. The treatment consisted of physical activity, healthy nutrition, social support and psychoeducation, in addition to traditional pharmacology and psychotherapy. The participants answered questionnaires on three occasions: at baseline when arriving at the facility, at the end of the 12 weeks of treatment, and three months after completed treatment. The third study was qualitative, and the informants were various actors whom the patients encountered before, during or after treatment. Study 1 explored the outcomes of treatment on comorbid anxiety and depression, which commonly occurs in clinical settings. The results showed that three months after treatment, the group of patients with mild anxiety and mild depression had statistically significantly increased compared to baseline. Study 2 explored the outcomes of treatment on the perception of self-efficacy and everyday stress, and how this affected mental health. The results showed that during treatment perception of self-efficacy increased, while the perception of everyday stress and symptoms of mental illness decreased. Finally, Study 3 examined the experiences and thoughts about treatment outcomes and, influencing factors of various actors in contact with patients before, during or after the comprehensive treatment. The interviews revealed organizational and individual aspects affecting the outcomes of treatment. To summarize, the results of the three studies show that the comprehensive treatment has favourable outcomes on the mental health of patients with psychological trauma background. However, there are some factors that may influence the effects of treatment in a negative way. The most important, the lack of continuity of care, which risks compromising the outcomes of the treatment, causing a regression to old habits, and exacerbating mental health problems. Traumatized individuals with severe mental illness often need prolonged and continuous care.

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