Knut Ragnvald Skulberg

• Bramness, Jørgen Gustav; Mørland, Jørg Gustav; Moe, Jenny Skumsnes; Pandey, Susmita; Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald & Bolstad, Ingeborg (2025). The level of response to alcohol is related to level of se-phosphate in the general population. Alcohol and Alcoholism. ISSN 0735-0414. 60(6), s. 1–6. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agaf065. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Vedøy, Ingeborg Barth; Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald; Johansen, Patrick Foss; Tjomsland, Hege Eikeland & Thurston, Miranda (2025). Promoting daily physical activity in Norway as a FYSAK school: a comparative longitudinal study of lower secondary school pupil. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. 7. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1543741. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Schools have been described as “ideal settings” for promoting PA, but they have struggled to find effective and sustainable ways of doing so given the demands of the curriculum. In Norway, the FYSAK school model is an example of a population approach to PA promotion wherein daily PA is embedded into the routines of the school. Little is known about the extent to which the model supports pupils' daily PA, especially with regard to meeting the national recommendations. The paper addresses the following research question: what impact does the FYSAK model have on pupils' PA patterns over time? Methods: The paper draws on device-measured PA data from a three-year (2016–2018) longitudinal study of lower secondary school pupils from 11 schools in Norway, of which one was a FYSAK school. Data from 535 adolescents (56.1% female, mean age at baseline ± SD 13.3 ± 0.3 years) was derived and used to compare the PA level (cpm−1) of the one FYSAK school in the sample with the other 10 schools. Results: There was no difference in PA level between category of school in 2016. In 2017 and 2018 however, pupils attending the FYSAK school had significantly higher levels of PA compared to control schools (2017: 54.7 cpm−1, p ≤ .05, 2018: 59.2 cpm−1, p ≤ .05). Analyses of weekdays only, reinforced this pattern where larger differences in PA level across category of schools became evident (2017: 73.5 cpm−1, p ≤ .001, 2018: 85.7 cpm−1, p ≤ .001). Pupils attending the FYSAK school were also significantly more likely to adhere to the national recommendations for PA compared to control schools throughout all three years (2016: 57% FYSAK vs. 41% control, 2017: 62% FYSAK vs. 38% control, 2018: 52% FYSAK vs. 30% control). Conclusions: Overall, the results are indicative of a FYSAK school effect, which can be explained in terms of the sustained embedding of PA into pupils' daily routines over a three-year period. We conclude that the FYSAK model offers a framework for systematically providing realistic opportunities for being physically active during the school day.

• Bjørge, Heidi; Baklien, Børge; Opheim, Elin; Kvaal, Kari & Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald (2024). Loneliness, social provision and health among older men and women with chronic physical diseases – a mixed methods study. Cogent Public Health. VOL. 11(2322828). doi: 10.1080/27707571.2024.2322828. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore loneliness, social provision and perceived health from a gender perspective among older persons with chronic diseases. Methods A mixed-methods approach was chosen to enable a deeper insight into the participants’ experience of loneliness. Perceived social support was assessed by the Social Provisions Scale and self-rated health was reported by 42 older participants with chronic diseases. An interview was conducted with 27 participants who reported feeling lonely. Findings Analysis revealed no gender differences in the survey of social provision, but the correlation between social provision and self-rated health was much stronger in women than compared to men. In their statements, the female participants expressed missing emotional support, someone to talk to and relationships with their family. The male participants longed for contact and wanted help to get out of the house. Conclusions The participants need for relief strategies against loneliness seems to be closely linked to their previous traditional gender roles. The results indicate that society could improve the health of older women and men by promoting safe social contacts, preferably in smaller interest groups, as well as facilitating social contact in society, e.g. social meeting places.

• Bramness, Jørgen Gustav; Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald; Skulberg, Andreas; Moe, Jenny Skumsnes & Mørland, Jørg Gustav (2023). The Self-Rated Effects of Alcohol Are Related to Presystemic Metabolism of Alcohol. Alcohol and Alcoholism. ISSN 0735-0414. 58(2), s. 203–208. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agad002. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Aims: A high number of alcohol units required to feel a subjective effect of alcohol predicts future alcohol use disorders (AUDs). The subjective response to alcohol can be measured using the validated retrospective self-rated effects of alcohol (SRE) questionnaire. Few studies have investigated the specific relationship between SRE and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in an experimental setting. Methods: Twenty healthy young adult male volunteers who had experience with binge drinking, but did not have AUD, filled out the SREquestionnaire and were served with a fixed amount of alcohol per body weight. BACs were measured throughout a 12-hour period, reaching a maximum BAC of ∼0.13%. Median split of SRE-scores was utilized to compare BACs among participants with relatively high effects (low SRE) and relatively low effects (high SRE) of alcohol. Results: Participants reporting a relatively low SRE-score had a statistically significant higher measured BAC at all time points until alcohol was eliminated. This was especially pronounced during the first 2 hours after alcohol (P = 0.015) without a significant difference in the alcohol elimination rate being detected. Conclusion: The study indicates that a self-ated SRE-score is related to BACs after the ingestion of a standardized amount of alcohol per body weight. Reporting a higher number of alcohol units before feeling an effect was related to a lower BAC. As the differences in BAC between relatively high and low self-rated effects appeared rapidly after intake, this could be interpreted as an effect of presystemic metabolism of alcohol.

• Bramness, Jørgen Gustav; Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald; jr., Andreas Skulberg & sr., Andreas Skulberg (2022). Blood alcohol levels after standardized intake of alcohol are related to measured blood phosphate levels. Clinical Biochemistry. ISSN 0009-9120. 109-110, s. 90–93. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.08.006. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The role of blood phosphate in alcohol metabolism has not been studied. In this explorative experimental study, the relationship between blood phosphate levels and metabolism of alcohol was investigated. Twenty young male volunteers were given alcohol relative to body weight to make them reach a theoretical blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.12%. Ten measurements of BAC were taken across the time from intake, to peak and total elimination. The results indicated that individuals with high blood phosphate levels achieved a lower BAC maximum than those with low blood phosphate levels. The difference between the highest and lowest maximum BAC was as much as 30–40% and correlated negatively to physiological blood phosphate levels. The results suggest that phosphate plays a role in prehepatic, possibly gastric, alcohol metabolism. The Alcohol Dehydrogenase enzyme 7 (ADH7) is represented in the upper gastrointestinal tract and may be the enzyme responsible for this variation in the blood alcohol concentration reached.

• Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald; Nyrud, Anders Q. & Nore, Kristine (2022). Hygroscopic buffering effects in exposed cross-laminated timber surfaces and indoor climate in a Norwegian primary school. Wood Material Science & Engineering. ISSN 1748-0272. 17(1), s. 43–52. doi: 10.1080/17480272.2021.2019830. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Laboratory studies have shown that wood has hygroscopic properties. When used as a construction material in buildings, it can thus influence indoor relative humidity and temperature. Ventilation can affect indoor climate if the temperature differ between indoor and outdoor air. The coating of indoor wood may also affect its hygroscopic properties. Few studies of wood in real buildings have been conducted. The main aim of this experimental study was to explore the association between moisture content in indoor air and wood in two classrooms. The floor plan of the two classrooms was identical. In one classroom, all wood surfaces were untreated, whereas, in the other, they were treated with a transparent varnish. Sensors measured indoor air relative humidity, moisture content in the wood, and temperature in the air and wood in both classrooms. Linear regression analysis was performed to explore possible associations. Strong positive associations between indoor air relative humidity and the moisture content in wood in the untreated classroom were found. Weak positive associations were evident in the classroom with treated wood. Ventilation reduced these associations.

• Vedøy, Ingeborg Barth; Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Fagerland, Morten Wang; Tjomsland, Hege Eikeland & Thurston, Miranda N. (2021). The longitudinal association between objectively measured physical activity and mental health among Norwegian adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 18:149, s. 1–11. doi: 10.1186/s12966-021-01211-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Mental health among young people in many countries, including Norway, seems to be deteriorating. Physical activity (PA) has been positively associated with mental health. However, methodological issues related to study design and measurement of PA and mental health outcomes currently limits our understanding of the relationship. The purpose of the present study is to explore the prospective relationship between objectively measured PA and mental health outcomes. More specifically, volume (total PA), intensity (moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA]) and sedentary behaviour (SED) were explored in relation to mental health problems (MHP) and mental wellbeing (MWB). Methods: Data from 599 adolescents (54.4% female, mean age at baseline ±SD 13.3 ± 0.3 years) were collected annually during their 3 years (T1, T2 and T3) at lower secondary school. PA was measured using accelerometry. MWB was measured using the ‘Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale’ and MHP by the ‘Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire’. Multiple linear regression was performed to explore relationships between changes in PA/SED (between T1-T3) and MWB/MHP (at T3). The term ‘movement categories’ was used to refer to components on the movement continuum and includes volume (total PA), intensity (MVPA) and SED. Results: Among boys, any increase in SED was positively associated with MWB (β = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.10), whereas a small positive association between an increase in total PA (volume) and MWB was found among girls (β = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.05 to 2.21). There were no associations between changes in any movement categories [total PA (volume), MVPA, SED] and score on MHP at T3, neither for girls nor boys. Conclusion: This study provided no clear evidence of any association between change in volume or intensity of PA and MHP among an overall healthy adolescent study sample. There was, however, evidence of a relationship between increased SED and MWB among boys and increased volume of PA and MWB among girls. The relationship between movement categories and mental health may depend on the measurement used to assess both PA/SED and variables of mental health. Future research would be strengthened by researchers clarifying what construct of mental health is being used and measured.

• Vedøy, Ingeborg Barth; Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Tjomsland, Hege Eikeland & Thurston, Miranda (2021). Physical activity and academic achievement among Norwegian adolescents: Findings from a longitudinal study. Preventive Medicine Reports. 21:101312, s. 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101312. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Regular physical activity (PA) has been associated with academic achievement, but the evidence is mainly based on cross-sectional research and self-reported measures of PA. The purpose of the current study was to explore the longitudinal relationship between objectively measured PA and academic achievement among a cohort of adolescents in Norway between 2016 and 2018. As a secondary aim, an indirect relationship via waist circumference (WC) and sleep duration was assessed. Data from 599 adolescents (54.4% female, mean age at baseline ± SD 13.3 ± 0.3 years) were collected annually during their three years at lower secondary school. PA was measured objectively using accelerometry. Academic achievement was assessed using grade point average (GPA) from school records. Linear regression analysis was performed to explore associations between longitudinal changes in measures of PA (Total PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA]) and academic achievement directly or via mediators. Results showed no significant associations between Total PA or MVPA and academic achievement, either in the main analyses or through mediation of WC and sleep duration. The results contribute to a growing evidence base of studies showing no association between objectively measured PA and academic achievement among adolescents.

• Vedøy, Ingeborg Barth; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Tjomsland, Hege Eikeland; Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald & Thurston, Miranda (2020). Physical activity, mental health and academic achievement: a cross-sectional study of Norwegian adolescents. Mental Health and Physical Activity. ISSN 1755-2966. 18. doi: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2020.100322. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background The purpose of this study was to describe associations between physical activity (PA), mental health and academic achievement in a Norwegian adolescent cohort. Methods In total, 1001 adolescents were invited to participate, of whom 599 (54.4% female, mean age ± SD 13.3 ± 0.3y) entered the study. PA was measured objectively using accelerometers, variables on mental health were assessed through an online questionnaire and academic achievement was assessed using grade point average (GPA) collected through school records. The associations between PA, mental health and academic achievement were modelled using multiple linear regression. Results PA was positively associated with mental wellbeing (p ≤ .05), self-perception of athletic competence (p ≤ .001) and self-perception of social acceptance (p ≤ .001). It was not associated with global self-esteem or mental health complaints. No significant association between PA and GPA was found. However, results showed a significant association between PA and grade in physical education among girls (p ≤ .001). Conclusion PA was associated with mental wellbeing and domain specific self-esteem although the causal significance of the association requires further investigation. The current study does not support associations between PA and mental health problems or PA and academic achievement. Further studies are necessary to investigate the longitudinal relationship between PA, variables of mental health and academic achievement amongst adolescents.

• Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald; Nyrud, Anders Q.; Goffeng, Lars Ole & Wisthaler, Armin (2019). Health and Exposure to VOCs From Pinewood in Indoor Environments. Frontiers in Built Environment. 5. doi: 10.3389/fbuil.2019.00107. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  As a natural, biological material, wood emits various organic chemical substances, mostly volatile organic compounds (VOCs), very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs) and formaldehyde. When such emissions occur in indoor spaces, concentrations of these substances are higher than concentrations outdoors. Consequently, the level of emissions from building materials are of relevance in relation to their possible health effects. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that exposure to VOCs from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) might increase mucous membrane symptoms and/or general symptoms, compared to exposure to VOCs from Norway spruce (Picea abies). The study was carried out as a double-blinded, crossover, randomized, controlled trial. The health indicators were measured using objective and subjective methods. The VOC exposure was measured with a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Thirty healthy individuals participated. The mean concentration of CO2 inside the chamber in each session varied between 420 ppm and 533 ppm. The temperature and RH varied between 21.5°C and 23.7°C and 12.0% and 24.2%. Ozone was supplied via ventilated outdoor air. The median concentration in outdoor air was 23 μg/m3 (13 ppb). The study was conducted with a statistically significant difference in the exposure to VOCs between the experimental (pine) exposure and the control (spruce) exposure. The mean concentrations of VOCs during the experimental exposure were methanol (31 ppb), acetaldehyde (8 ppb), formic acid (11 ppb), acetone/propanal (14 ppb), acetic acid (14 ppb) and monoterpenes (172 ppb). No difference in health outcome was revealed between the experimental and the control exposure. No inflammatory reactions or sensory irritation were found with exposure to 172 ppb monoterpenes and a low ozone concentration. Low relative humidity may have increased eye blinking in the participants in both exposure situations.

• Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald; Hamid, Samarullah & Vaktskjold, Arild (2019). Smoking Among Adolescent Males at Pulau Weh, Indonesia. Public Health of Indonesia (PHI). ISSN 2528-1542. 5(3), s. 62–70. doi: 10.36685/phi.v5i3.287. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Use of tobacco may cause severe diseases like cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer. Smoking is a major threat to public health in many low- and middle-income countries. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of smoking among boys in the age group 13-15 years at Pulau Weh in Indonesia, and identify factors associated with smoking. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted of 291 male students, aged 13-15 years, in three participating secondary schools. A modified version of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey questionnaire was used to collect data. The association between active smoking within the previous 30 days, and social and demographic factors was analysed by multiple logistic regressions. Results: 40.2% of the male students were habitual smokers at the time of the study. The adjusted odds of current smoking increased with increasing age (odds ratio [OR] = 5.1, 95% CI: 2.2–12.3); having a father with a university or university college education (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.0–7.1); having friends who smoke (OR = 5.2, 95% CI: 1.6–16.5), having sibling who smoke (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2–6.2); having a father who smokes (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–3.9) and attending a rural school (OR = 7.4, 95% CI: 2.8–19.6). Conclusions: Cigarette smoking was found to be prevalent among 13 to 15-year-old male students in Pulau Weh, Indonesia, significantly higher in students attending a rural school compared to those attending an urban school. Indonesia should take steps to redress the smoking epidemic among adolescents by various means, e.g., minimizing access to tobacco products, stricter enforcement of tobacco control laws and changing attitudes to smoking.

• Nore, Kristine; Nyrud, Anders Qvale; Kraniotis, Dimitrios; Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald; Englund, Finn & Aurlien, Tormod (2017). Moisture buffering, energy potential, and volatile organic compound emissions of wood exposed to indoor environments. Science and Technology for the Built Environment. ISSN 2374-4731. 23(3), s. 512–521. doi: 10.1080/23744731.2017.1288503. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The use of wood in built environments has been increasing during the last decades, and more focus has been set on the influence of wood surfaces on indoor environments on the objective and subjective measures of human well-being. In addition, the moisture buffer capacity of hygroscopic materials, such as wood, has been under investigation in order to quantify the impact of wooden surfaces on energy savings in buildings. The current study presents the results of wood surfaces and indoor air temperatures as well as indoor air relative humidity measured in two solid timber test houses. The findings reveal a substantial effect on wood surface temperature under fluctuating indoor relative humidity due to the latent heat of sorption of water vapors. The results were compared with hygrothermal numerical simulations, showing good agreement and the validated numerical model was used in order to quantify the energy performance in a bathroom when the latent heat of sorption is exploited. The combination of wood with a well-controlled HVAC system in rooms with moisture production shows significant potential for indirect energy savings by adjusting the indoor temperature and exploiting the increase of surface temperature in the hygroscopic structure. Furthermore, the emissions of volatile organic compounds from pine wood were studied in laboratory facilities, with focus on the variations of emissions due to diurnal fluctuations in air humidity. Human participants were exposed in a large test chamber to a concealed source of volatile organic compound emissions in the form of fresh pine wood, while the actual exposure reached air levels of monoterpenes up to 18 mg/m3 during the intervention situation. Perceptions of air quality and mucosal irritation effects were reported in a standard questionnaire during this double-blind test with no irritation effects reported.

• Neupane, Sudan Prasad; Skulberg, Andreas; Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald; Aass, Hans Christian & Bramness, Jørgen Gustav (2016). Cytokine Changes following Acute Ethanol Intoxication in Healthy Men: A Crossover Study. Mediators of Inflammation. ISSN 0962-9351. 2016. doi: 10.1155/2016/3758590. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Alcohol is a known modulator of the innate immune system. Owing to the absence of human studies, alcohol’s effect on circulating cytokine profile remains unclear. We investigated the effect of acute high dose alcohol consumption on systemic cytokine release. After an overnight fasting, alcohol-experienced healthy male volunteers () aged 25–45 years were given oral ethanol in the form of vodka (4.28 mL/kg) which they drank over a period of 30 minutes reaching peak blood alcohol concentration of 0.12% (SD 0.028). Blood samples were obtained prior to alcohol intake as well as 2, 7, and 12 hours thereafter. Serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, MCP-1, and TNF-α were determined by the multibead-based assay. Baseline cytokine levels were not related to BMI, hepatic parameters, electrolytes, glucose, or morning cortisol levels. Within 2 hours of alcohol intake, levels of IL-1Ra were elevated and remained so throughout the assessment period ( for trend = 0.015). In contrast, the levels of the chemokine MCP-1 dropped acutely followed by steadily increasing levels during the observation period (). The impact of sustained elevated levels of MCP-1 even after the clearance of blood alcohol content deserves attention.

• Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald; Skyberg, Knut; Wijnand, Eduard; Goffeng, Lars Ole; Vistnes, Arnt Inge & Levy, Finn [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2001). Effects of electric field reduction in visual display units on skin symptoms. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. ISSN 0355-3140. 27(2), s. 140–145. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.601. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives: This study investigated the facial skin complaints of office workers before and after the static electric fields of a visual display unit were reduced. Methods: On the basis of a screening survey of 4556 office workers in 11 companies, 120 of 227 subjects reporting facial skin complaints were randomly selected to this double blind intervention study. Antistatic measures were used to reduce the static electric fields of the visual display unit in the intervention group but not in the control group, which worked with a visual display unit resembling that of the intervention group. Electric fields, dust concentration, health complaints, and psychological behavior tests were recorded before and after the intervention. Results: The intervention group reported statistically significantly fewer facial skin complaints than the control group. In the intervention group, among those with an office dust concentration of >58 microg/m3, a median reduction of 1.5 skin index points (scale 0-8) was achieved, whereas there was no change in the control group. In the regression model "group category" was still a significant variable after control for background factors. In addition, further linear regression analyses indicated that several static electric field parameters were predictors of the skin complaint reduction. Conclusions: This field trial indicates that removing static electric fields from visual display units can probably help reduce the facial skin complaints of workers in offices with high dust concentrations.

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• Skille, Eivind; Vedøy, Ingeborg Barth & Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald (2019). Folkehelse - en tverrfaglig grunnbok. Oplandske Bokforlag. ISBN 9788275182621. 311 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Folkehelse blir en stadig viktigere del av det faglige innholdet i ulike utdanninger. I denne boka blir leseren presentert for temaet folkehelse. Det skjer først gjennom to introduserende kapitler som definerer folkehelse og beskriver utviklingen av folkehelse i relasjon til blant annet folkehelse- arbeid, helsefremming og livsstilsendringer. Boka har videre spesifikke kapitler som tar utgangspunkt i andre etablerte fagområder og diskuterer hvordan disse står i forhold til folkehelse. Det gjelder områder som kosthold, skole, kroppsøving, idrett, friluftsliv og sykepleie. Hvert kapittel avsluttes med refleksjonsspørsmål studenter og forelesere kan bruke ?som utgangspunkt for diskusjon og videre arbeid. Avslutningskapitlet gir innspill til videre diskusjon og antyder også andre temaer som er aktuelle innen arbeidet med folkehelse. Boka er primært rettet mot førsteårsstudenter ved grunnutdanninger? på høgskoler og på universitet. Målgruppen er studenter som kommer i kontakt med folkehelse som fag for første gang. Dette kan for eksempel være de som tar Bachelor i folkehelse eller folkehelsearbeid, og de som studerer mat og ernæring, kroppsøving, idrett, friluftsliv, sykepleie eller tar lærerutdanning. Men boka er også relevant for andre med interesse for folkehelse og som ønsker å få kunnskap om kombinasjonen av folkehelse og de temaene som er nevnt over. Boka er skrevet av fagpersoner ved høgskoler og universitet som underviser i folkehelsearbeid på ulike utdanninger.

• Skille, Eivind; Vedøy, Ingeborg Barth & Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald (2019). Folkehelse - en tverrfaglig grunnbok - ny utgave. Oplandske Bokforlag. ISBN 9788275182324. 380 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skille, Eivind Åsrum; Vedøy, Ingeborg Barth & Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald (2015). Folkehelse - en tverrfaglig grunnbok. Oplandske Bokforlag. ISBN 9788275182324. 240 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Folkehelse blir en stadig viktigere del av det faglige innholdet i ulike utdanninger. I denne boka blir leseren presentert for temaet folkehelse. Det skjer først gjennom to introduserende kapitler som definerer folkehelse og beskriver utviklingen av folkehelse i relasjon til blant annet folkehelse- arbeid, helsefremming og livsstilsendringer. Boka har videre spesifikke kapitler som tar utgangspunkt i andre etablerte fagområder og diskuterer hvordan disse står i forhold til folkehelse. Det gjelder områder som kosthold, skole, kroppsøving, idrett, friluftsliv og sykepleie. Hvert kapittel avsluttes med refleksjonsspørsmål studenter og forelesere kan bruke ?som utgangspunkt for diskusjon og videre arbeid. Avslutningskapitlet gir innspill til videre diskusjon og antyder også andre temaer som er aktuelle innen arbeidet med folkehelse. Boka er primært rettet mot førsteårsstudenter ved grunnutdanninger? på høgskoler og på universitet. Målgruppen er studenter som kommer i kontakt med folkehelse som fag for første gang. Dette kan for eksempel være de som tar Bachelor i folkehelse eller folkehelsearbeid, og de som studerer mat og ernæring, kroppsøving, idrett, friluftsliv, sykepleie eller tar lærerutdanning. Men boka er også relevant for andre med interesse for folkehelse og som ønsker å få kunnskap om kombinasjonen av folkehelse og de temaene som er nevnt over. Boka er skrevet av fagpersoner ved høgskoler og universitet som underviser i folkehelsearbeid på ulike utdanninger.

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• Vedøy, Ingeborg Barth; Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald; Thurston, Miranda & Aadland, Eivind (2026). Associations between adolescent physical activity intensity spectra and mental health: a multivariate pattern analysis. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Traditionally, relationships between physical activity [PA] and mental health have been analysed using linear regression analyses. This is problematic because of the strong multicollinearity among the intensity variables constituting the PA intensity spectrum. Furthermore, the cut-points used to define these intensities vary among studies, potentially confusing interpretation and comparison of findings. Multivariate pattern analysis can handle multicollinear data through latent-variable modelling. Purpose: To gain a detailed understanding of the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between PA and mental health by exploring the associations between high-resolution PA intensity spectra and mental health problems [MHP] (internalizing and externalizing problems) and mental wellbeing [MWB] among adolescents. Methods: Data from a three-year longitudinal study of 599 adolescents (54.4 % female; aged 12/13-15 years) from Norway were analysed using a high-resolution PA intensity descriptor constituting 17 intensity variables: time spent in 0-99, 100-999, (…), ≥15.000 cpm. To increase the stability of cross-sectional data, mean PA variables across the three waves of data collection were created. Multivariate pattern analyses were used to explore relationships. Results: Significant associations between PA signatures and internalizing- and externalizing problems were found for sedentary time (0-99 cpm) (positive association) and high intensity PA (8000-9999 cpm) (negative association) in crude models. These associations disappeared when adjusting for covariates. For MWB, positive associations were found for light to moderate PA (100-3999 cpm) in both crude and adjusted models. For the longitudinal data, no significant associations were found. Conclusions: No clear evidence of a relationship between PA and MHP was found. For MWB, lower-intensity PA was significantly associated. PA may therefore influence adolescents’ MWB levels to a greater extent than their MHP. Implications for Policy and Practice: Multivariate pattern analyses may provide more detailed information about the PA-mental health relationship than traditional analyses.

• Vedøy, Ingeborg Barth; Johansen, Patrick Foss; Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald; Tjomsland, Hege Eikeland & Thurston, Miranda (2026). Fysisk aktivitet i skulen; effekt på elevane sitt aktivitetsnivå over tid . Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Bakgrunn: På grunn av deira unike moglegheit til å nå alle barn og unge, er skular vurdert å vera ideelle settingar for å fremma fysisk aktivitet i Noreg. Likevel har det vist seg utfordrande å finna effektive og bærekraftige måtar å implementera ein meir fysisk aktiv skulekvardag på, og fleire ulike modellar er testa ut. FYSAK-modellen er eit døme på ein modell som inkluderer dagleg fysisk aktivitet integrert i skulekvardagen. Det er imidlertid mindre kunnskap om i kva grad denne modellen bidreg til elevane sin daglege fysisk aktivitet, særskilt knytt til etterleving av nasjonale anbefalingar for fysisk aktivitet. Denne studia har difor undersøkt kva påverknad FYSAK-modellen har på elevane sitt fysisk aktivitetsnivå over tid. Metode: Data er henta frå ei treårig (2016-2018) longitudinell studie av ungdomsskuleelevar frå 11 ulike ungdomsskular i Noreg der ein hadde integrert FYSAK-modellen i skulen si praksis. Analysane inkluderer innsamla data frå 535 ungdommar (56.1 % jenter, gjennomsnittsalder ved baseline ± SD 13.3 ± 0.3 år) og samanliknar akslerometermålt fysisk aktivitetsnivå (cpm-1) ved FYSAK-skulen med dei øvrige 10 skulane (kontrollskular). Resultat: Det var ingen forskjell i aktivitetsnivå mellom FYSAK-skulen og kontrollskular i 2016. I 2017 og 2018 hadde imidlertid elevane ved FYSAK-skulen eit signifikant høgare aktivitetsnivå enn elevar ved kontrollskulane (2017: 54.7 cpm-1, p ≤ .05, 2018: 59.2 cpm-1, p ≤ .05). Analysar som berre inkluderte kvardagar forsterka dette mønsteret, der større forskjellar i aktivitetsnivå vart synlege (2017: 73.5 cpm-1, p ≤ .001, 2018: 85.7 cpm-1, p ≤ .001). Elevar ved FYSAK-skulen hadde også høgare sannsyn for å etterleva dei nasjonale anbefalingane for fysisk aktivitet samanlikna med elevar frå kontrollskulane gjennom alle tre skuleår (2016: 57 % FYSAK vs. 41 % kontroll, 2017: 62 % FYSAK vs. 38 % kontroll, 2018: 52 % FYSAK vs. 30 % kontroll). Konklusjon: Resultata tyder samla sett på ein effekt av FYSAK-modellen på elevane sitt fysiske aktivitetsnivå. Dette kan forklarast med at modellen tilbyr eit rammeverk for ein systematisk og varig integrering av fysisk aktivitet i elevane sin skulekvardag. Denne tilrettelegginga medfører at alle elevar får vera fysisk aktive i løpet av skuledagen. Hovedbodskap: [IV3.1]FYSAK-modellen er ein skulebasert tilnærming for å fremma fysisk aktivitet som har potensiale til å nå alle elevar, samt redusera sosiale ulikheiter i helse generelt og i fysisk aktivitet spesielt

• Vedøy, Ingeborg Barth; Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald & Thurston, Miranda (2023). Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and mental health in Norwegian youths; a longitudinal study. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tryggestad, Kjell & Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald (2019). Hva kan bio-sirkulær økonomi i praksis lære oss om bærekraftig utvikling/ Inneklima? Presentation til seminariet « Agenda bærekraft –Nytt hovedsykehus Innlandet». Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Desentralisert samhandling som helsefelleskap: *Lokale medisinske sentre og kommunale primær helse tjenester bygges ut/om og dimensjoneres på basis av prinsippet om nærhet til pasienten *Hoved-sykehuset + 2 akutte sykehus (inkl. Tynset) +1 elektivt sykehus dimensjoneres deretter *Gjenbruk av bygningsmasse der det er hensiktsmessig, nybygg/ombygg i kortreist tre for bedre bærekraft- ‘biofilisk design’ Fordeler: Mindre transport for involverte, færre pasienter som blir dårligere på reisen, større kapasitet/fleksibilitet i helseinfrastrukturen, bedre bærekraft, og bedre forutsetninger for samarbeide mellom SI & kommunene om utviklingen av sykehusstrukturen. Ulemper: ?

• Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald & Vedøy, Ingeborg Barth (2019). Folkehelse – utvikling, påvirkningsfaktorer og folkehelsearbeid. I Skille, Eivind; Vedøy, Ingeborg Barth & Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald (Red.), Folkehelse - en tverrfaglig grunnbok. Oplandske Bokforlag. ISSN 9788275182621. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Folkehelse blir en stadig viktigere del av det faglige innholdet i ulike utdanninger. I denne boka blir leseren presentert for temaet folkehelse. Det skjer først gjennom to introduserende kapitler som definerer folkehelse og beskriver utviklingen av folkehelse i relasjon til blant annet folkehelse- arbeid, helsefremming og livsstilsendringer. Boka har videre spesifikke kapitler som tar utgangspunkt i andre etablerte fagområder og diskuterer hvordan disse står i forhold til folkehelse. Det gjelder områder som kosthold, skole, kroppsøving, idrett, friluftsliv og sykepleie. Hvert kapittel avsluttes med refleksjonsspørsmål studenter og forelesere kan bruke ?som utgangspunkt for diskusjon og videre arbeid. Avslutningskapitlet gir innspill til videre diskusjon og antyder også andre temaer som er aktuelle innen arbeidet med folkehelse. Boka er primært rettet mot førsteårsstudenter ved grunnutdanninger? på høgskoler og på universitet. Målgruppen er studenter som kommer i kontakt med folkehelse som fag for første gang. Dette kan for eksempel være de som tar Bachelor i folkehelse eller folkehelsearbeid, og de som studerer mat og ernæring, kroppsøving, idrett, friluftsliv, sykepleie eller tar lærerutdanning. Men boka er også relevant for andre med interesse for folkehelse og som ønsker å få kunnskap om kombinasjonen av folkehelse og de temaene som er nevnt over. Boka er skrevet av fagpersoner ved høgskoler og universitet som underviser i folkehelsearbeid på ulike utdanninger.

• Vedøy, Ingeborg Barth & Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald (2019). Folkehelse – hva er det? I Skille, Eivind; Vedøy, Ingeborg Barth & Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald (Red.), Folkehelse - en tverrfaglig grunnbok. Oplandske Bokforlag. ISSN 9788275182621. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Folkehelse blir en stadig viktigere del av det faglige innholdet i ulike utdanninger. I denne boka blir leseren presentert for temaet folkehelse. Det skjer først gjennom to introduserende kapitler som definerer folkehelse og beskriver utviklingen av folkehelse i relasjon til blant annet folkehelse- arbeid, helsefremming og livsstilsendringer. Boka har videre spesifikke kapitler som tar utgangspunkt i andre etablerte fagområder og diskuterer hvordan disse står i forhold til folkehelse. Det gjelder områder som kosthold, skole, kroppsøving, idrett, friluftsliv og sykepleie. Hvert kapittel avsluttes med refleksjonsspørsmål studenter og forelesere kan bruke ?som utgangspunkt for diskusjon og videre arbeid. Avslutningskapitlet gir innspill til videre diskusjon og antyder også andre temaer som er aktuelle innen arbeidet med folkehelse. Boka er primært rettet mot førsteårsstudenter ved grunnutdanninger? på høgskoler og på universitet. Målgruppen er studenter som kommer i kontakt med folkehelse som fag for første gang. Dette kan for eksempel være de som tar Bachelor i folkehelse eller folkehelsearbeid, og de som studerer mat og ernæring, kroppsøving, idrett, friluftsliv, sykepleie eller tar lærerutdanning. Men boka er også relevant for andre med interesse for folkehelse og som ønsker å få kunnskap om kombinasjonen av folkehelse og de temaene som er nevnt over. Boka er skrevet av fagpersoner ved høgskoler og universitet som underviser i folkehelsearbeid på ulike utdanninger.

• Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald (2018). Indoor air and health in school buildings. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nyrud, Anders Q.; Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald & Goffeng, Lars Ole (2018). Cognitive health effects associated to exposure from wood. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald (2018). Elverum kommune bygger nye skoler i massivtre – godt inneklima og bærekraftig bygg. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Vedøy, Ingeborg Barth; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Tjomsland, Hege Eikeland; Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald & Thurston, Miranda (2017). Fysisk aktivitet, psykisk helse of skoleprestasjoner blant ungdomsskoleelever. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Nyrud, Anders Qvale; Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald & Goffeng, Lars Ole (2017). Cognitive health effects associated to exposure from wood. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald (2017). Helseeffekter av VOC fra furu og gran. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald (2017). Miljøets betydning for mennesker. I Calogiuri, Giovanna; Skille, Eivind & Knudsen, Per Egil (Red.), Institutt for Tannpleie og Folkehelse - Årbok 2016-2017. Høgskolen i Hedmark. s. 44–45. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald; Nyrud, Anders Q. & Sjøvold, Oddbjørn (2016). Health effects and exposure to volatile organic compounds from woods – an experimental study. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Evensen, Jeanette; Kvaal, Kari; Ulstein, Ingun & Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald (2015). Demens-forskning og kunnskapsbasert praksis i kommunen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Kvaal, Kari; Ulstein, Ingun; Lien, Lars & Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald (2013). Frivillig hjemmeomsorg i Norge. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald; Bjørn, Gylseth; Skaug, Vidar & Hanoa, Rolf (1985). Mica pneumoconiosis - A literature review. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. ISSN 0355-3140. 11(2), s. 65–74. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.2250. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skulberg, Knut Ragnvald (2006). Intervention studies of indoor air dust exposures and health in office workers. Unipub AS. ISSN 9788280724052. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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