Ingeborg Olsdatter Busterud Flagstad

• Flagstad, Ingeborg Olsdatter & Skar, Siri (2024). Action Methods and Sociometry at the University: Promoting Learning, Social Connections and a Safe Learning Climate. I Giancomucci, Scott; Fleury, Heloisa Junqueira & Altinay, Deniz (Red.), Psychodrama in Education. Creativity and Experiemential Teaching Around the World. Springer Nature. ISSN 9789819783779. s. 73–96. doi: 10.1007/978-981-97-8377-9_4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The main purpose of this chapter is to offer inspiration and ideas regarding how action methods may be integrated into higher education. Creating a safe learning climate is the foundation for motivation, knowledge acquisition and well-being in universities. This chapter focuses on how action methods and sociometry may be used as a tool to promote learning, establish social connections and construct a safe learning climate among new students. First, we briefly outline the philosophical underpinnings of action methods and discuss how using it as a foundation for teaching may promote good encounters between students and university lecturers. Next, we present empirical studies of psychodrama and sociometry conducted in a university setting. We then present studies based on dramaturgical perspectives and on aesthetic learning processes, as well as studies focused on role play and simulation—representing overlapping fields. The first part of this chapter thus provides a basis for understanding the application of Morenian approaches to higher education. The next part of the chapter concerns practical applications, outlining sociometric techniques that we consider relevant to use with students. We present a case example of how sociometric techniques may be used to ease students’ transition to higher education and help them develop confidence in their role of new university student. We also explore how sociometric techniques may aid in establishing social connections, building group cohesion, promote motivation and reduce stress. Our intention with this section is to describe methods and procedures thoroughly, enabling university lecturers to be inspired to implement some of the techniques in their teaching. We therefore discuss (a) how psychodrama and sociometric techniques may contribute directly to learning in higher education, by developing specific skills (for instance, via role training); and (b) how sociometric techniques may promote learning indirectly, by creating a safe learning climate. In the third and final part of the chapter, we discuss advantages and challenges in introducing action methods into higher education. Our aim is to bridge different traditions by drawing on dramaturgical perspectives, role play, simulation and aesthetic dimensions of learning, as well as explorative, experimental and holistic approaches. We discuss the importance of creating a safe learning climate as a precondition for using action methods, as well as the balance between opening up a personal space to integrate experiences into academic learning without crossing the line into therapeutic issues. Finally, we point to promising future avenues of integrating a Morenian perspective into cross-disciplinary work in higher education.

• Skar, Siri Merethe & Flagstad, Ingeborg Olsdatter (2022). A sociometric approach to university teaching. Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometri. ISSN 1619-5507. doi: 10.1007/s11620-021-00646-5. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The purpose of this article is to explore a sociometric approach to university teaching based on evaluations from students. There are some studies of the application of action methods in university settings focused on teaching skills however, to our knowledge, there are no studies of sociometric approaches to promote group cohesion (GC) and a safe learning climate (SLC) in higher education. To help bridge this knowledge gap, this paper will review the relevant literature and examine evaluations from university students to explore how sociometric techniques may help establish new social connections, and promote self-disclosure, trust, and cohesion. Participants reported that the action methods provided clear structure and frames, which empowered them to stretch their comfort zone but also sparked the formation of numerous new relationships—which some called ‘speed-friendshipping’. Participants experienced increased GC and a feeling of safety regarding future lecture situations. Some participants experienced challenges related to the sociometric exercises, such as too much play and ‘drama activities’. The overall aim of this article is to broaden our understanding of how a sociometric approach may contribute to promote social relationships, GC and facilitate the establishment of an SLC.

• Flagstad, Ingeborg Olsdatter & Johnsen, Svein Åge Kjøs (2022). The psychology of green entrepreneurship: Founder-driven development of green climate in small-scale companies. Cogent Business & Management. 9(1). doi: 10.1080/23311975.2022.2079245. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This study explores the psychology of green entrepreneurship and the role of the founder in establishing a green climate in organisations. The study examined the process of founding an environmentally sustainable organisational climate in small-scale Norwegian manufacturing companies. Focus group interviews were conducted and questionnaires were distributed in the field; subsequently, the founders participated in an in-depth follow-up interview to explore the evolving elements of the green climate. Thematic analysis revealed that the founders’ environmental focus had different origins, indicative of four motivational categories: opposition, frugality, activism and idealism. The founders played a crucial role in influencing employee green behaviour through both supervision and direct behavioural instructions. Moreover, the participants frequently mentioned the practical aspects of the environmental focus, while values and strategies were generally tacit. The findings indicate that the founders’ motivational position determined the trajectory of the development of a green climate.

• Flagstad, Ingeborg Olsdatter; Hauge, Åshild Lappegard & Johnsen, Svein Åge Kjøs (2022). Certification dissonance: Contradictions between environmental values and certification scheme requirements in small-scale companies. Journal of Cleaner Production. ISSN 0959-6526. 358(132037). doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132037. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The importance of internalization and employee involvement in the greening of organizations is well-established; however, experiences of environmental certification processes in small-scale companies have largely been overlooked. The aim of this study was to examine the experiences of environmental certification in small-scale companies, and how certification may drive green change in these contexts. The study employed a qualitative approach and thematic analysis. Twenty-eight informants in seven small-scale companies were interviewed, via focus-group interviews with employees and leaders, and in individual interviews with leaders. The main theme that was identified from the reflexive thematic analysis was that certification gave rise to a back-and-forth process between drivers and hindrances, resulting in conflicting emotions and cognitive dissonance—which we denoted certification dissonance. Findings indicate that employees experienced conflicts between their own environmental values and the requirements imposed by the certification scheme. Four main categories of certification dissonance were identified: 1) Company characteristics, 2) the company's relationship with the customers/market, 3) characteristics of the certification scheme, and 4) emotional reactions. The participants struggled to choose between alternatives in different shades of green in what we denoted the ‘eco grey zone’. Systems theory and cognitive dissonance theory provided a theoretical framework for analysis. Based on our findings, we propose a new process model of certification dissonance outcomes. This model illustrates how employees and managers feel trapped within categorical thinking, and experience dissonance between the poles of ‘what is truly green and sustainable’ and ‘being certified’. This study may be of relevance to managers and stakeholders working on environmental sustainability.

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• Flagstad, Ingeborg Olsdatter & Skar, Siri (2025). Sociometri og aksjonsmetodikk med studenter. I Kristoffersen, Børge; Rasmussen, Bjørn & Uppstad, Marit Høgalmen (Red.), Når mennesker møtes. Fortellinger fra faget psykodrama.. Kolofon Forlag AS. ISSN 9788269351002. s. 221–246. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flagstad, Ingeborg Olsdatter (2025). Engaging students actively in your teaching using sociometry and action methods. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flagstad, Ingeborg Olsdatter (2025). Group dynamics in large groups: Sociometry and Morenian action methods. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flagstad, Ingeborg Olsdatter; Rønning, Monica; Johnsen, Svein Åge Kjøs; Strumse, Einar & Beute, Femke (2024). En miljøvennlig atferds-cocktail. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flagstad, Ingeborg Olsdatter & Johnsen, Svein Åge Kjøs (2024). Integrating Sustainability: Introducing a New Systems Perspective on Green Change. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flagstad, Ingeborg Olsdatter (2024). Hvordan lykkes med grønne endringer i organisasjoner? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Henriksen, Marin Kristine; Flagstad, Ingeborg Olsdatter & Hauge, Åshild Lappegard (2023). Psykologiske perspektiver på innovasjon i organisasjoner. I Hauge, Atle Jensen; Røhnebæk, Maria & Myklebø, Sigrid (Red.), Innovasjon: En innføring. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202733599. s. 213–227. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Hva er innovasjon? Hvordan kan vi forstå og studere dette fenomenet? Boka viser hvordan innovasjon kan beskrives og forstås fra ulike perspektiver. Boka har tre deler som tar for seg hvordan innovasjon kan forstås på systemnivå organisasjonsnivå praktisk nivå Kapitlene formidler kunnskap om innovasjon på en lettfattelig måte og bruker rikelig med eksempler fra ulike bransjer og sektorer. Forfatterne viser at innovasjon kan studeres i ulike settinger, i ulike faser og på ulike nivåer, og leseren får innblikk i innovasjon som et stort og sammensatt fagområde. Mens innovasjon gjerne forbindes med verdiskaping og fremskritt, er det i dag økende oppmerksomhet om problematiske aspekter, særlig i forbindelse med bærekraft. Dette tematiseres i mange av bokas kapitler, og gir et mer nyansert bilde enn det som har dominert litteraturen hittil. Boka er ment som en innføring i innovasjon til bruk på bachelor- og masterkurs. Målgruppen for boka er studenter innen økonomi-, organisasjon- og ledelsesfag, aktører innen nærings- og samfunnsliv, og andre lesere med interesse for innovasjon.

• Flagstad, Ingeborg Olsdatter (2022). Dealing with plagiarism in academic publishing - My worsk christmas present ever. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flagstad, Ingeborg Olsdatter (2022). Når forskningsartikkelen blir stjålet og piratpublisert. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flagstad, Ingeborg Olsdatter (2022). Important drivers for green changes in organisations. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flagstad, Ingeborg Olsdatter (2022). Slik reagerte artikkel­tyvene da forskeren ved Høgskolen i Innlandet konfronterte dem. [Journal]. Khrono. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flagstad, Ingeborg Olsdatter (2022). Ble utsatt for forskningsjuks: – Jeg satte himmel og jord i bevegelse. [Journal]. Gudbrandsdølen Dagningen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Flagstad, Ingeborg Olsdatter (2022). Manuskriptet hennes ble stjålet: – Jeg ble ganske sjokkert. [Journal]. Forskerforum. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Johnsen, Svein Åge Kjøs; Konijnenberg, Carolien; Andreassen, Marita; Andersen, Per Normann; Håkansson, UIrika & Flagstad, Ingeborg Olsdatter (2022). Mobilfrie soner - er det en god idé? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hauge, Åshild Lappegard; Henriksen, Marin Kristine; Rønning, Monica; Flagstad, Ingeborg Olsdatter & Plesser, Thale Sofie Wester (2023). Ombruk av byggevarer – innspill til statlige føringer. SINTEF akademisk forlag. ISSN 9788253618050. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Bakgrunn: Målet for denne forskningsstudien er å samle innspill til vilkår for ombruk av byggematerialer i Norge og de statlige føringene for dette. Vi har spurt om hvordan entrepriseformer, lovendringer, veiledning for offentlige anskaffelser, marked og økonomiske støtteordninger påvirker ombruk av byggematerialer. Metode: Medlemmer i et nettverk for læring av ombruk av byggematerialer er intervjuet i tre gruppeintervjuer. Nettverket besto av ni firmaer med to deltakere fra hvert firma. De fleste av medlemmene var fra rådgiverfirmaer, to fra et produksjonsfirma og to fra kommune. Gruppeintervjuene ga tilgang til åpne refleksjoner om de føringene for ombruk som er til stede i samfunnet nå. Resultatene kan dermed bidra til en bedre forståelse av hvordan disse føringene blir forstått og oppfattet av aktører i byggebransjen, som er særlig interessert i ombruk. Hovedresultater fra gruppeintervjuene: • Deltakerne mener at samspillsentrepriser, eller entrepriseformer med elementer av samspillsentreprise i seg, gir et godt grunnlag for ombruk i byggeprosjekter. • Krav om ombrukskartlegging er positivt mottatt, men for å unngå at ombruks-rapportene blir liggende ulest, bør det stilles krav til at de publiseres og gjøres søkbare på nett. • Deltakerne ønsker at myndighetene stiller krav til faktisk ombruk, ikke bare til kartlegging. • Ombruk bør fremmes, ikke bare med regelverk, men med ulike typer insitamenter. Deltakerne foreslår for eksempel raskere og rimeligere byggesaksbehandling. • Deltakerne er fornøyde med endringene i byggevareforskriften (DOK) som medfører at bruker/kjøper har ansvar for å dokumentere kvaliteten på brukte byggevarer, istedenfor at selger har dette ansvaret. • Direktoratet for forvaltning og økonomistyring (DFØ) har laget en veileder for offentlige anskaffelser av bærekraftige bygg. Veilederen blir sett på som en viktig støtte for offentlige byggeieres miljøambisjoner. Store bykommuner har ofte egne konkurrerende veiledere, men DFØs veileder vil kunne bety mye for offentlige anskaffelser i mindre kommuner. • Deltakerne ønsker økt samarbeid mellom bestillere og utførere for å få til mer ombruk. Dialogkonferanser i forkant av bestillinger kan være en måte å få til dette, men intervjuene viste at dialogkonferanser var ukjent for mange av deltakerne. • Deltakerne ønsker seg en felles digital portal for ombruksvarer slik at man kan søke opp ombruksvarer på tvers av flere nettsider og tilbydere. En slik portal bør også tilgjengeliggjøre rapporter om ombrukskartlegging og opprette en database over donorbygg og mulige lagringssteder. • Deltakerne foreslår at byggevarehus som i dag selger nye byggevarer, også kan selge brukte. Det kan føre til at markedet for nye byggevarer vil avta noe, og markedet for dokumentasjon og vedlikehold av brukte byggematerialer vil øke. Da ville det også bli mer lagringsplass for brukte byggevarer. • Deltakerne er positive til støtteordningene som Enova har innført for ombruk. De er likevel bekymret for at man i for stor grad støtter planlegging og mulighetsstudier, mens det som trengs mest, er støtte til kostnader til faktisk ombruk. De foreslår at støttebeløp kan være basert på differansen mellom utgifter til nye materialer og utgifter som knyttes til ombruksvarer, der ombruk koster mer enn nye materialer. Konklusjon: Gruppeintervjuene viser en engasjert og motivert gruppe i byggebransjen som ønsker å gå i bresjen for økt ombruk i byggeprosjekter. Gruppas forståelse av vilkår for ombruk er derfor viktig for videre implementering. De mener at det offentliges føringer for ombruk i større grad bør handle om praktisk gjennomføring av ombruk, og i mindre grad om de byråkratiske sidene ved ombruk i byggeprosjekter. Samtidig utviser de forståelse for at føringer og støtte for planlegging og administrasjon av ombruk er et viktig skritt på veien for å få i gang markedet.

• Flagstad, Ingeborg Olsdatter (2023). Introducing a systems perspective on the development of a green organisational climate: Interactions and dynamics within sustainable organisations. Universitetet i Oslo. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background/aims. The purpose of this dissertation was (a) to enhance organisational greening research by exploring the social interaction processes involved in constructing a green organisational climate (GOC); and (b) to analyse how dynamics within organisations may impact organisational greening—specifically, the role of the interaction between leaders and employees in constructing shared perceptions of the GOC, and the role of green founders in establishing and developing the GOC. Further, how environmental certification may drive organisational greening was also analysed in this dissertation. Finally, as part of this dissertation, a systems perspective on green changes in organisations was developed. Three empirical studies were conducted to analyse these processes in Norwegian small-scale production companies. Methods. The methodological approach in these studies was mainly qualitative and longitudinal, combined with quantitative elements. Twenty-eight informants in seven green small-scale companies were selected. The main methodological approach was focus group interviews, which enabled exploration of the construction of a GOC as a social phenomenon. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to analyse individual-level perceptions of the GOC, pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) and environmental initiative. The interviews were conducted in the field and included observations. One and a half years later, follow-up interviews with the leaders were conducted, enabling the examination of evolving aspects of the GOC. The interview material was analysed using thematic analysis, and was compared with the quantitative material. Results. The findings revealed that shared perceptions of the GOC were established in face-to-face encounters between leaders and employees. The construction of the GOC was based on a genuine environmental commitment and was closely interwoven with green practice. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the founders’ drive to go green had different origins, and four motivational categories were identified: (a) opposition, (b) frugality, (c) activism and (d) idealism. This formed the basis for a strong drive to develop and improve organisational greening. Finally, working within environmental certification schemes gave rise to conflicting emotions, a back-and-forth process between drivers and hindrances that resulted in certification dissonance. Environmental certification contributed to raising environmental awareness, but the link to drive organisational greening was either weak or missing. Conclusion. This dissertation establishes that GOCs are constructed through interaction between leaders and employees and are strongly linked to green practice and the founder’s environmental commitment. Furthermore, environmental certification does not necessarily become embedded in the GOC. Organisational greening is a nascent and multidisciplinary field. This dissertation contributes to connecting disciplines and advancing the field by developing a systems perspective of green changes in organisations, emphasising how GOCs are constructed through interaction in the microsystem. The systems perspective also provides a way to understand how elements at different system levels are connected, thereby bridging the micro–macro gap.

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