Stian Ellefsen

• Odden, Ingvill; Hamarsland, Håvard; Urianstad, Tomas; Hammarström, Jens Konrad Daniel; Rustaden, Anne Mette & Koll, Lise [Vis alle 13 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Limited reproducibility of individual physiological adaptations to repeated endurance exercise training. Journal of applied physiology. ISSN 8750-7587. 141(1), s. 38–57. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00154.2026. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Rønnestad, Bent; Urianstad, Tomas; Blindheim, Petter Maurseth; Hansen, Joar; Hamarsland, Håvard & Ellefsen, Stian [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Heat training augments hemoglobin mass during a moderate-altitude training camp in well-trained endurance athletes. Journal of applied physiology. ISSN 8750-7587. 140(5), s. 1298–1310. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00777.2025. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Sen, Ilke; Smith, Jonathon A B; Caria, Elena; Orlov, Iurii; Savikj, Mladen & Brady, Aidan J [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Down-regulation of human-specific lncRNA TMEM9B-AS1 in skeletal muscle of people with type 2 diabetes affects ribosomal biogenesis - PMC. Science Advances. 11(28), s. eads4371–eads4371. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.ads4371. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators of skeletal muscle physiology, with altered expression noted in several human diseases including type 2 diabetes. We report that TMEM9B-AS1, a previously uncharacterized lncRNA, is ...

• Dalmao-Fernandez, Andrea; Katare, Parmeshwar Bajirao; Bakke, Hege Gilbø; Hamarsland, Håvard; Ellefsen, Stian & Singh, Sachin [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). The use of three-dimensional primary human myospheres to explore skeletal muscle effects of in vivo krill oil supplementation. In vitro models. ISSN 2731-3433. 4(2), s. 145–155. doi: 10.1007/s44164-025-00087-6. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Supplementation with krill oil has shown effects on whole-body lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as on skeletal muscle strength and function. We previously showed that krill oil intervention in vivo promoted fatty acid metabolism and protein synthesis in cultured human myotubes in a two-dimensional (2D) model. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of krill oil supplementation in vivo in a 3D myosphere model, and to compare a the human skeletal muscle 3D cell model to a 2D model. Myospheres were formed from myoblasts obtained before and after 7 weeks of in vivo krill oil intervention. Glucose and oleic acid metabolism were assessed, and transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed. In vivo intervention with krill oil increased glucose metabolism in myospheres, while no effect was observed on fatty acid metabolism. Transcriptomic analyses of myospheres after krill oil intervention showed increased expression of genes involved in pathways like motor proteins and hypertrophy, as well as in calcium signaling, of which motor proteins and hypertrophy pathways have not been described in 2D myotube cultures. Proteomic analyses after krill oil intervention showed increased expression of proteins in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and fatty acid degradation. Comparison of proteins expressed in the 3D myosphere model and the 2D myotube model at the basal level showed that in myospheres, mitochondrial gene expression and translation dominated, while in 2D cultures, mitochondrial organization and response to oxidative stress were more important. These findings suggest that in vivo krill oil intervention induces different metabolic effects when comparing 3D and 2D cultures. In contrast to the 2D model, data obtained with the 3D model showed gene expression changes that are more compatible with previously observed results in vivo concerning skeletal muscle motoric function. Hence, the 3D cell model might better reflect krill oil-induced modifications in skeletal muscle performance in vivo than the 2D model.

• MacGregor, Kirstin; Ellefsen, Stian; Pillon, Nicolas J; Hammarström, Daniel & Krook, Anna Christina Hancorn (2024). Sex differences in skeletal muscle metabolism in exercise and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. ISSN 1759-5029. doi: 10.1038/s41574-024-01058-9. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Øfsteng, Sjur Johansen; Hammarström, Daniel; Knox, Silje; Jøsok, Øyvind; Helkala, Kirsi Marjaana & Koll, Lise [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Superiority of High-Load vs. Low-Load Resistance Training in Military Cadets. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. ISSN 1064-8011. 38(9), s. 1584–1595. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004830. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Øfsteng, SF, Hammarström, D, Knox, S, Jøsok, Ø, Helkala, K, Koll, L, Hanestadhaugen, M, Raastad, T, Rønnestad, BR, and Ellefsen, S. Superiority of high-load vs. low-load resistance training in military cadets. J Strength Cond Res 38(9): 1584–1595, 2024—Muscle strength and power are important determinants of soldiers' performance in modern warfare. Here, we compare the efficacy of 22 weeks of whole-body resistance training with high load (HL, 10 repetitions maximum/RM) and low load (LL, 30RM) for developing maximal muscle strength and power, performance, and muscle mass in moderately trained cadets (20 ± 1 year, f; n = 5, m; n = 22). Outcome measures were assessed at baseline and at week 22, in addition to a mid-intervention assessment at week 10. Twenty-two weeks of HL led to greater increases in muscle strength (upper limb, Δ 10%, 95% CI [2.8, 17.1], p = 0.01; lower limb, Δ 9.9%, CI [1.1, 18.6], p = 0.029), jump height (Δ 5.5%, CI [1.4, 9.6], p = 0.011), and upper limb lean mass (Δ 5.2%, CI [1, 9.4], p = 0.018) compared with LL. HL and LL led to similar changes in agility, muscle endurance performance, lower limb muscle mass, and cross-sectional area in m. vastus lateralis. For all variables, training-associated changes occurred primarily during the initial 10 weeks of the intervention, including the differential responses to HL and LL. In conclusion, although 22 weeks of HL led to greater increases in lower and upper limb muscle strength, power, and upper limb lean mass than LL, the 2 load conditions led to similar improvements in agility performance and lower limb muscle mass. Our results thus indicate that both loading regimes elicit multifaceted physiological improvements important for military readiness.

• Lian, Kristian; Hammarström, Daniel; Hamarsland, Håvard; Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Moen, Sara Christine & Ellefsen, Stian (2024). Glucose ingestion before and after resistance training sessions does not augment ribosome biogenesis in healthy moderately trained young adults. European Journal of Applied Physiology. ISSN 1439-6319. 124. doi: 10.1007/s00421-024-05446-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose Resistance training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy seems to depend on ribosome biogenesis and content. High glucose treatment may augment ribosome biogenesis through potentiating resistance training-induced adaptations. This was investigated with total RNA and ribosomal RNA abundances as main outcomes, with relevant transcriptional/translational regulators (c-Myc/UBF/rpS6) as a secondary outcome. Methods Sixteen healthy, moderately trained individuals [male/female, n = 9/7; age, 24.1 (3.3)] participated in a within-participant crossover trial with unilateral resistance training (leg press and knee extension, 3 sets of 10 repetitions maximum) and pre- and post-exercise ingestion of either glucose (3 × 30 g, 90 g total) or placebo supplements (Stevia rebaudiana, 3 × 0.3 g, 0.9 g total), together with protein (2 × 25 g, 50 g total), on alternating days for 12 days. Six morning resistance exercise sessions were conducted per condition, and the sessions were performed in an otherwise fasted state. Micro-biopsies were sampled from m. vastus lateralis before and after the intervention. Results Glucose ingestion did not have beneficial effects on resistance training-induced increases of ribosomal content (mean difference 7.6% [− 7.2, 24.9], p = 0.34; ribosomal RNA, 47S/18S/28S/5.8S/5S, range 7.6–37.9%, p = 0.40–0.98) or levels of relevant transcriptional or translational regulators (c-MYK/UBF/rpS6, p = 0.094–0.292). Of note, both baseline and trained state data of total RNA showed a linear relationship with UBF; a ∼14% increase in total RNA corresponded to 1 SD unit increase in UBF (p = 0.003). Conclusion Glucose ingestion before and after resistance training sessions did not augment ribosomal RNA accumulation during twelve days of heavy-load resistance training in moderately trained young adults.

• Katare, Parmeshwar Bajirao; Dalmao-Fernandez, Andrea; Mengeste, Abel Mulu; Navabakbar, Farnaz; Hamarsland, Håvard & Ellefsen, Stian [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Krill oil supplementation in vivo promotes increased fuel metabolism and protein synthesis in cultured human skeletal muscle cells. Frontiers in Nutrition. 11:1452768, s. 1–14. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1452768. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction: Krill oil is a dietary supplement derived from Antarctic krill; a small crustacean found in the ocean. Krill oil is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, as well as the antioxidant astaxanthin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of krill oil supplementation, compared to placebo oil (high oleic sunflower oil added astaxanthin), in vivo on energy metabolism and substrate turnover in human skeletal muscle cells. Methods: Skeletal muscle cells (myotubes) were obtained before and after a 7-week krill oil or placebo oil intervention, and glucose and oleic acid metabolism and leucine accumulation, as well as effects of different stimuli in vitro, were studied in the myotubes. The functional data were combined with proteomic and transcriptomic analyses. Results: In vivo intervention with krill oil increased oleic acid oxidation and leucine accumulation in skeletal muscle cells, however no effects were observed on glucose metabolism. The krill oil-intervention-induced increase in oleic acid oxidation correlated negatively with changes in serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration. In addition, myotubes were also exposed to krill oil in vitro. The in vitro study revealed that 24 h of krill oil treatment increased both glucose and oleic acid metabolism in myotubes, enhancing energy substrate utilization. Transcriptomic analysis comparing myotubes obtained before and after krill oil supplementation identified differentially expressed genes associated with e.g., glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, metabolic pathways and calcium signaling pathway, while proteomic analysis demonstrated upregulation of e.g., LDL-receptor in myotubes obtained after the krill oil intervention. Conclusion: These findings suggest that krill oil intervention promotes increased fuel metabolism and protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle cells, with potential implications for metabolic health.

• Vikmoen, Olav; Teien, Hilde Kristin; Tansø, Rita; Aandstad, Anders; Lander, Elise & Cumming, Kristoffer Toldnes [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2024). Effects of a 10-d Military Field Exercise on Body Composition, Physical Performance, and Muscle Cells in Men and Women. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. ISSN 0195-9131. 56(4). doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003340. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose:To investigate the effects of a demanding military field exercise on physical performance, body composition and muscle cellular outcomes in men and women.Methods:Ten men (20.5 ± 0.5 years) and 8 women (21.4 ± 1.4 years) completed a 10-day field exercise consisting of extensive physical activity with food and sleep restriction. Acquisition of body composition, physical performance, blood and muscle biopsies samples were done before and 1,7 and 14 days after the exercise.Results:There were no sex differences in the response to the exercise. Body mass was decreased with 5.6 ± 1.8% and fat mass with 31 ± 11% during the exercise. Both were still reduced after 14 days (2.5 ± 2.3%, p˂0.001 and 12.5 ± 7.7%, p˂0.001 respectively). Isometric leg strength did not change. Peak leg extension torque at 240 °·s-1 and counter movement jump height were reduced with 4.6 ± 4.8% (p = 0.012) and 6.7 ± 6.2% (p˂0.001) respectively and was still reduced after 14 days (4.3 ± 4.2%, p = 0.002, and 4.1 ± 4.7%, p = 0.030). No changes occurred in fiber CSA, fiber types, proteins involved in calcium handling or HSP70. During the exercise, αB-crystallin levels decreased by 14 ± 19% (p = 0.024) in the cytosolic fraction and staining intensity on muscle sections tended to increase (17 ± 25%, p = 0.076). MuRF1 levels in the cytosolic fraction tended to decrease (19 ± 35%) and increased with 85 ± 105% (p = 0.003) in the cytoskeletal fraction 1 week after the exercise.Conclusions:The field exercise resulted in reduced body mass and physical performance in both sexes. The ability to produce force at high contraction velocities and explosive strength was more affected than isometric strength, but this was not related to any changes in fiber type composition, fiber area, Ca2+ handling or fiber type specific muscle damage.

• Farup, Per Grønaas; Hamarsland, Håvard; Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Ellefsen, Stian & Hestad, Knut (2023). The Kynurenine Pathway in Healthy Subjects and Subjects with Obesity, Depression and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Pharmaceuticals. 16(3). doi: 10.3390/ph16030351. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Changes in tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP) are observed in several disorders and coupled with pathophysiological deviations. Methods: This study retrospectively compared the KP in serum in healthy subjects (108) with subjects with obesity (141), depression (49), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (22) participating in four clinical studies and explored predictors of the changes in the KP metabolites. Results: Compared with the healthy group, the KP was upregulated in the disease groups with high kynurenine, quinolinic acid (QA), kynurenine/tryptophan-ratio and QA/xanthurenic acid-ratio and low kynurenic acid/QA-ratio. Tryptophan and xanthurenic acid were upregulated in the depressed group compared with the groups with obesity and COPD. The covariates BMI, smoking, diabetes, and C-reactive protein explained the significant differences between the healthy group and the group with obesity but not between the healthy group and the groups with depression and COPD, indicating that different pathophysiological conditions result in the same changes in the KP. Conclusions: The KP was significantly upregulated in the disease groups compared with the healthy group, and there were significant differences between the disease groups. Different pathophysiological abnormalities seemed to result in the same deviations in the KP.

• Rønnestad, Bent; Urianstad, Thomas; Hamarsland, Håvard; Hansen, Joar; Nygård, Håvard & Ellefsen, Stian [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Heat Training Efficiently Increases and Maintains Hemoglobin Mass and Temperate Endurance Performance in Elite Cyclists. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. ISSN 0195-9131. 54(9), s. 1515–1526. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002928. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hammarström, Daniel; Øfsteng, Sjur Johansen; Jacobsen, Nicolai Blindheim; Flobergseter, Krister; Rønnestad, Bent & Ellefsen, Stian (2022). Ribosome accumulation during early phase resistance training in humans. Acta Physiologica. ISSN 1748-1708. 235(1). doi: 10.1111/apha.13806. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Aim: To describe ribosome biogenesis during resistance training, its relation to training volume and muscle growth. Methods: A training group (n = 11) performed 12 sessions (3-4 sessions per week) of unilateral knee extension with constant and variable volume (6 and 3-9 sets per session respectively) allocated to either leg. Ribosome abundance and biogenesis markers were assessed from vastus lateralis biopsies obtained at baseline, 48 hours after sessions 1, 4, 5, 8, 9 and 12, and after eight days of de-training, and from a control group (n = 8). Muscle thickness was measured before and after the intervention. Results: Training led to muscle growth (3.9% over baseline values, 95% CrI: [0.2, 7.5] vs. control) with concomitant increases in total RNA, ribosomal RNA, upstream binding factor (UBF) and ribosomal protein S6 with no differences between volume conditions. Total RNA increased rapidly in response to the first four sessions (8.6% [5.6, 11.7] per session), followed by a plateau and peak values after session 8 (49.5% [34.5, 66.5] above baseline). Total RNA abundance was associated with UBF protein levels (5.0% [0.2, 10.2] per unit UBF), and the rate of increase in total RNA levels predicted hypertrophy (0.3 mm [0.1, 0.4] per %-point increase in total RNA per session). After de-training, total RNA decreased (-19.3% [-29.0, -8.1]) without muscle mass changes indicating halted biosynthesis of ribosomes. Conclusion: Ribosomes accumulate in the initial phase of resistance training with abundances sensitive to training cessation and associated with UBF protein levels. The average accumulation rate predicts muscle training-induced hypertrophy. Keywords: muscle hypertrophy; resistance training; ribosome biogenesis. © 2022 The Authors. Acta Physiologica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Scandinavian Physiological Society.

• Rønnestad, Bent; Lid, Ole Martin; Hansen, Joar; Hamarsland, Håvard; Mølmen, Knut Sindre & Nygård, Håvard [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Heat suit training increases hemoglobin mass in elite cross-country skiers. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. ISSN 0905-7188. doi: 10.1111/sms.14156. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: The primary purpose was to test the effect of heat suit training onhemoglobin mass (Hbmass) in elite cross- country (XC) skiers.Methods: Twenty-five male XC-skiers were divided into a group that added5 × 50 min weekly heat suit training sessions to their regular training (HEAT;n = 13, 23 ± 5 years, 73.9 ± 5.2 kg, 180 ± 6 cm, 76.8 ± 4.6 ml·min−1·kg−1) or toa control group matched for training volume and intensity distribution (CON;n = 12, 23 ± 4 years, 78.4 ± 5.8 kg, 184 ± 4 cm, 75.2 ± 3.4 ml·min −1·kg−1) dur-ing the five-week intervention period. Hbmass, endurance performance and fac-tors determining endurance performance were assessed before and after theintervention.Results: HEAT led to 30 g greater Hb mass (95% CI: [8.5, 51.7], p = 0.009) and157 ml greater red blood cell volume ([29, 285], p = 0.018) post-intervention,compared to CON when adjusted for baseline values. In contrast, no group dif-ferences were observed for changes in work economy, running velocity, and frac-tional utilization of maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) at 4 mmol·L −1 blood lactate,V̇O 2max or 15- min running distance performance trial during the intervention.Conclusion: HEAT induced a larger increase in Hbmass and red blood cell vol-ume after five weeks with five weekly heat suit training sessions than CON, butwith no detectable group differences on physiological determinants of enduranceperformance or actual endurance performance in elite CX skiers.

• Almquist, Nicki Winfield; Eriksen, Hanne Berg; Wilhelmsen, Malene; Hamarsland, Håvard; Ing, Steven Adolfo & Ellefsen, Stian [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). No Differences Between 12 Weeks of Block- vs. Traditional-Periodized Training in Performance Adaptations in Trained Cyclists. Frontiers in Physiology. 13. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.837634. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 12 weeks load-matched block periodization (BP, n = 14), using weekly concentration of high- (HIT), moderate- (MIT), and low- (LIT) intensity training, with traditional periodization (TP, n = 16) using a weekly, cyclic progressive increase in training load of HIT-, MIT-, and LIT-sessions in trained cyclists (peak oxygen uptake: 58 ± 8 ml·kg−1·min−1). Red blood cell volume increased 10 ± 16% (p = 0.029) more in BP compared to TP, while capillaries around type I fibers increased 20 ± 12% (p = 0.002) more in TP compared to BP from Pre to Post12. No other group differences were found in time-trial (TT) performances or muscular-, or hematological adaptations. However, both groups improved 5 and 40-min TT power by 9 ± 9% (p < 0.001) and 8 ± 9% (p < 0.001), maximal aerobic power (Wmax) and power output (PO) at 4 mmol·L−1 blood lactate (W4mmol), by 6 ± 7 (p = 0.001) and 10 ± 12% (p = 0.001), and gross efficiency (GE) in a semi-fatigued state by 0.5 ± 1.1%-points (p = 0.026). In contrast, GE in fresh state and VO2peak were unaltered in both groups. The muscle protein content of β-hydroxyacyl (HAD) increased by 55 ± 58% in TP only, while both TP and BP increased the content of cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COXIV) by 72 ± 34%. Muscle enzyme activities of citrate synthase (CS) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) were unaltered. TP increased capillary-to-fiber ratio and capillary around fiber (CAF) type I by 36 ± 15% (p < 0.001) and 17 ± 8% (p = 0.025), respectively, while BP increased capillary density (CD) by 28 ± 24% (p = 0.048) from Pre to Post12. The present study shows no difference in performance between BP and “best practice”-TP of endurance training intensities using a cyclic, progressively increasing training load in trained cyclists. However, hematological and muscle capillary adaptations may differ.

• Khan, Yusuf; Hammarström, Daniel; Ellefsen, Stian & Ahmad, Rafi (2022). Normalization of gene expression data revisited: the three viewpoints of the transcriptome in human skeletal muscle undergoing load-induced hypertrophy and why they matter. BMC Bioinformatics. 23(1). doi: 10.1186/s12859-022-04791-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background The biological relevance and accuracy of gene expression data depend on the adequacy of data normalization. This is both due to its role in resolving and accounting for technical variation and errors, and its defining role in shaping the viewpoint of biological interpretations. Still, the choice of the normalization method is often not explicitly motivated although this choice may be particularly decisive for conclusions in studies involving pronounced cellular plasticity. In this study, we highlight the consequences of using three fundamentally different modes of normalization for interpreting RNA-seq data from human skeletal muscle undergoing exercise-training-induced growth. Briefly, 25 participants conducted 12 weeks of high-load resistance training. Muscle biopsy specimens were sampled from m. vastus lateralis before, after two weeks of training (week 2) and after the intervention (week 12), and were subsequently analyzed using RNA-seq. Transcript counts were modeled as (1) per-library-size, (2) per-total-RNA, and (3) per-sample-size (per-mg-tissue). Result Initially, the three modes of transcript modeling led to the identification of three unique sets of stable genes, which displayed differential expression profiles. Specifically, genes showing stable expression across samples in the per-library-size dataset displayed training-associated increases in per-total-RNA and per-sample-size datasets. These gene sets were then used for normalization of the entire dataset, providing transcript abundance estimates corresponding to each of the three biological viewpoints (i.e., per-library-size, per-total-RNA, and per-sample-size). The different normalization modes led to different conclusions, measured as training-associated changes in transcript expression. Briefly, for 27% and 20% of the transcripts, training was associated with changes in expression in per-total-RNA and per-sample-size scenarios, but not in the per-library-size scenario. At week 2, this led to opposite conclusions for 4% of the transcripts between per-library-size and per-sample-size datasets (↑ vs. ↓, respectively). Conclusion Scientists should be explicit with their choice of normalization strategies and should interpret the results of gene expression analyses with caution. This is particularly important for data sets involving a limited number of genes or involving growing or differentiating cellular models, where the risk of biased conclusions is pronounced.

• Katare, Parmeshwar Bajirao; Fernandez, Andrea Dalmao; Mengeste, Abel Mulu; Hamarsland, Håvard; Ellefsen, Stian & Bakke, Hege Gilbø [Vis alle 9 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Energy metabolism in skeletal muscle cells from donors with different body mass index. Frontiers in Physiology. 13. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.982842. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Oberholzer, Laura; Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Hammarström, Daniel; Falch, Gunnar Slettaløkken; Lundby, Anne-Kristine & Rønnestad, Bent [Vis alle 8 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2022). Resistance exercise training increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JCSM Rapid Communications. 5. doi: 10.1002/rco2.58. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunc-tion. Resistance exercise training (RT) is a training modality with a relatively small pulmonary demand that has beensuggested to increase skeletal muscle oxidative enzyme activity in COPD. Whether a shift into a more oxidative profilefollowing RT also translates into increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity in COPD is yet to be established.

• Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Jovanovic, Maja; Berg, Geir Vegard; Ellefsen, Stian & Grindaker, Eirik (2021). Styrketrening ved kronisk obstruktiv lungesykdom: Erfaringer fra The Granheim COPD Study. En kvalitativ analyse av motivasjonsfaktorer. Fysioterapeuten. ISSN 0016-3384. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Bakgrunn: Regelmessig styrketrening gir gunstige helseeffekter for personer med kronisk obstruktiv lungesykdom (KOLS), og er derfor en naturlig del av lungerehabiliteringen. Pasienters opplevelse av slik trening er imidlertid lite studert. Hensikten med denne kvalitative studien var å kartlegge erfaringer med styrketrening hos deltakere i The Granheim COPD Study. Materiale og metode: Åtte av 24 prosjektdeltakere med KOLS (kvinner/menn, n=3/n=5; KOLS grad II/III, n=4/n=4; alder, 64-79 år) gjennomførte semistrukturerte, kvalitative intervjuer i den femte av totalt 13 uker med styrketrening. Funn: Samlet for alle prosjektdeltakerne med KOLS var treningsadherensen høy (97%) og frafallet lavt (n=2 av 22) under treningsperioden. Informantene som gjennomførte kvalitative intervjuer opplevde nokså høy og stigende grad av motivasjon for å trene under intervensjonen. Dette var knyttet til tett personlig oppfølging fra treningskyndig personell og opplevelse av trygghet under treningsøktene, samt økt mestringsfølelse og økt kompetanse. Fortolkning: Personlig veiledning fra treningskyndig personell var en avgjørende faktor for å øke treningsmotivasjonen blant studiedeltakerne. Individuell tilrettelegging og oppfølging ser derfor ut til å være en forutsetning for å oppnå gode aktivitetsvaner hos personer med KOLS. Nøkkelord: atferdsendring, kvalitativ forskning, lungerehabilitering, personlig treningsveiledning, treningsmotivasjon.

• Almquist, Nicki Winfield; Wilhelmsen, Malene; Ellefsen, Stian; Sandbakk, Øyvind & Rønnestad, Bent (2021). Effects of including sprints in LIT sessions during a 14-d camp on muscle biology and performance measures in elite cyclists. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. ISSN 0195-9131. 53(11), s. 2333–2345. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002709. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose This study investigated the effects of including sprints within low-intensity training (LIT) sessions during a 14-d training camp focusing on LIT, followed by 10-d recovery (Rec), on performance and performance-related measures in elite cyclists. Methods During the camp, a sprint training group (SPR; n = 9) included 12 × 30-s maximal sprints during five LIT sessions, whereas a control group (CON; n = 9) performed distance-matched LIT only. Training load was equally increased in both groups by 48% ± 27% during the training camp and subsequently decreased by −56% ± 23% during the recovery period compared with habitual training. Performance tests were conducted before the training camp (Pre) and after Rec. Muscle biopsies, hematological measures, and stress/recovery questionnaires were collected Pre and after the camp (Post). Results Thirty-second sprint (SPR vs CON: 4% ± 4%, P < 0.01) and 5-min mean power (SPR vs CON: 4% ± 8%, P = 0.04) changed differently between groups. In muscle, Na+-K+ β1 protein content changed differently between groups, decreasing in CON compared with SPR (−8% ± 14%, P = 0.04), whereas other proteins showed similar changes. SPR and CON displayed similar increases in red blood cell volume (SPR: 2.6% ± 4.7%, P = 0.07; CON: 3.9% ± 4.5%, P = 0.02) and V˙O2 at 4 mmol·L−1 [BLa−] (SPR: 2.5% ± 3.3%, P = 0.03; CON: 2.2% ± 3.0%, P = 0.04). No changes were seen for V˙O2max, Wmax, hematological measures, muscle enzyme activity, and stress/recovery measures. Conclusions Inclusion of 30-s sprints within LIT sessions during a high-volume training camp affected competition-relevant performance measures and Na+-K+ β1 protein content differently from LIT only, without affecting sport-specific stress/recovery or any other physiological measure in elite cyclists.

• Aaseth, Jan; Ellefsen, Stian; Alehagen, Urban; Sundfør, Tine M. & Alexander, Jan (2021). Diets and drugs for weight loss and health in obesity – An update. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. ISSN 0753-3322. 140. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111789. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Numerous combinations of diets and pharmacological agents, including lifestyle changes, have been launched to treat obesity. There are still ambiguities regarding the efficacies of different approaches despite many clinical trials and the use of animal models to study physiological mechanisms in weight management and obesity comorbidities, Here, we present an update on promising diets and pharmacological aids. Literature published after the year 2005 was searched in PubMed, Medline and Google scholar. Among recommended diets are low-fat (LF) and low-carbohydrate (LC) diets, in addition to the Mediterranean diet and the intermittent fasting approach, all of which presumably being optimized by adequate contents of dietary fibers. A basic point for weight loss is to adopt a diet that creates a permanently negative and acceptable energy balance, and prolonged dietary adherence is a crucial factor. As for pharmacological aids, obese patients with type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance seem to benefit from LC diet combined with a GLP-1 agonist, e.g. semaglutide, which may improve glycemic control, stimulate satiety, and suppress appetite. The lipase inhibitor orlistat is still used to maintain a low-fat approach, which may be favorable e.g. in hypercholesterolemia. The bupropion-naltrexone-combination appears promising for interruption of the vicious cycle of addictive over-eating. Successful weight loss seems to improve almost all biomarkers of obesity comorbidities. Until more support for specific strategies is available, clinicians should recommend an adapted lifestyle, and when necessary, a drug combination tailored to individual needs and comorbidities. Different diets may change hormonal secretion, gut-brain signaling, and influence hunger, satiety and energy expenditure. Further research is needed to clarify mechanisms and how such knowledge can be used in weight management.

• Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Hammarström, Jens Konrad Daniel; Falch, Gunnar Slettaløkken; Grundtvig, Morten; Koll, Lise & Hanestadhaugen, Marita [Vis alle 14 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease does not impair responses to resistance training. Journal of Translational Medicine. 19(1). doi: 10.1186/s12967-021-02969-1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prone to accelerated decay of muscle strength and mass with advancing age. This is believed to be driven by disease-inherent systemic pathophysiologies, which are also assumed to drive muscle cells into a state of anabolic resistance, leading to impaired abilities to adapt to resistance exercise training. Currently, this phenomenon remains largely unstudied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the assumed negative effects of COPD for health- and muscle-related responsiveness to resistance training using a healthy control-based translational approach. Methods: Subjects with COPD (n = 20, GOLD II-III, FEV1predicted 57 ± 11%, age 69 ± 5) and healthy controls (Healthy, n = 58, FEV1predicted 112 ± 16%, age 67 ± 4) conducted identical whole-body resistance training interventions for 13 weeks, consisting of two weekly supervised training sessions. Leg exercises were performed unilaterally, with one leg conducting high-load training (10RM) and the contralateral leg conducting low-load training (30RM). Measurements included muscle strength (nvariables = 7), endurance performance (nvariables = 6), muscle mass (nvariables = 3), muscle quality, muscle biology (m. vastus lateralis; muscle fiber characteristics, RNA content including transcriptome) and health variables (body composition, blood). For core outcome domains, weighted combined factors were calculated from the range of singular assessments. Results: COPD displayed well-known pathophysiologies at baseline, including elevated levels of systemic low-grade inflammation ([c-reactive protein]serum), reduced muscle mass and functionality, and muscle biological aberrancies. Despite this, resistance training led to improved lower-limb muscle strength (15 ± 8%), muscle mass (7 ± 5%), muscle quality (8 ± 8%) and lower-limb/whole-body endurance performance (26 ± 12%/8 ± 9%) in COPD, resembling or exceeding responses in Healthy, measured in both relative and numeric change terms. Within the COPD cluster, lower FEV1predicted was associated with larger numeric and relative increases in muscle mass and superior relative improvements in maximal muscle strength. This was accompanied by similar changes in hallmarks of muscle biology such as rRNA-content↑, muscle fiber cross-sectional area↑, type IIX proportions↓, and changes in mRNA transcriptomics. Neither of the core outcome domains were differentially affected by resistance training load. Conclusions: COPD showed hitherto largely unrecognized responsiveness to resistance training, rejecting the notion of disease-related impairments and rather advocating such training as a potent measure to relieve pathophysiologies. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02598830. Registered November 6th 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02598830. Keywords: Anabolic resistance; COPD; Pathophysiology; Skeletal muscle; Strength training; Training load.

• Rønnestad, Bent; Bakken, Timo André; Thyli, Vetle; Hansen, Joar; Ellefsen, Stian & Hammarström, Jens Konrad Daniel (2021). Increasing Oxygen Uptake in Cross-Country 8 Skiers by Speed Variation in Work Intervals. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance (IJSPP). ISSN 1555-0265. 17(3), s. 384–390. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0226. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: Accumulated time at a high percentage of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) is important for improving performance in endurance athletes. The present study compared the acute physiological and perceived effects of performing high-intensity intervals with roller ski double poling containing work intervals with (1) fast start followed by decreasing speed (DEC), (2) systematic variation in exercise intensity (VAR), and (3) constant speed (CON). Methods: Ten well-trained cross-country skiers (double-poling VO2peak 69.6 [3.5] mL·min−1·kg−1) performed speed- and duration-matched DEC, VAR, and CON on 3 separate days in a randomized order (5 × 5-min work intervals and 3-min recovery). Results: DEC and VAR led to longer time ≥90% VO2peak (P = .016 and P = .033, respectively) and higher mean %VO2peak (P = .036, and P = .009) compared with CON, with no differences between DEC and VAR (P = .930 and P = .759, respectively). VAR, DEC, and CON led to similar time ≥90% of peak heart rate (HRpeak), mean HR, mean breathing frequency, mean ventilation, and mean blood lactate concentration ([La−]). Furthermore, no differences between sessions were observed for perceptual responses, such as mean rate of perceived exertion, session rate of perceived exertion or pain score (all Ps > .147). Conclusions: In well-trained XC skiers, DEC and VAR led to longer time ≥90% of VO2peak compared with CON, without excessive perceptual effort, indicating that these intervals can be a good alternative for accumulating more time at a high percentage of VO2peak and at the same time mimicking the pronounced variation in exercise intensities experienced during XC-skiing competitions.

• Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Hammarström, Jens Konrad Daniel; Pedersen, Karianne; Lie, Anne Cecilie Lian; Steile, Ragnvald B. & Nygård, Håvard [Vis alle 18 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Vitamin D3 supplementation does not enhance the effects of resistance training in older adults. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. ISSN 2190-5991. 12(3), s. 599–628. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12688. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Lifestyle therapy with resistance training is a potent measure to counteract age-related loss in muscle strength and mass. Unfortunately, many individuals fail to respond in the expected manner. This phenomenon is particularly common among older adults and those with chronic diseases (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD) and may involve endocrine variables such as vitamin D. At present, the effects of vitamin D supplementation on responses to resistance training remain largely unexplored. Methods: Ninety-five male and female participants (healthy, n = 71; COPD, n = 24; age 68 ± 5 years) were randomly assigned to receive either vitamin D3 or placebo supplementation for 28 weeks in a double-blinded manner (latitude 61°N, September-May). Seventy-eight participants completed the RCT, which was initiated by 12 weeks of supplementation-only (two weeks with 10 000 IU/day, followed by 2000 IU/day), followed by 13 weeks of combined supplementation (2000 IU/day) and supervised whole-body resistance training (twice weekly), interspersed with testing and measurements. Outcome measures included multiple assessments of muscle strength (nvariables = 7), endurance performance (n = 6), and muscle mass (n = 3, legs, primary), as well as muscle quality (legs), muscle biology (m. vastus lateralis; muscle fibre characteristics, transcriptome), and health-related variables (e.g. visceral fat mass and blood lipid profile). For main outcome domains such as muscle strength and muscle mass, weighted combined factors were calculated from the range of singular assessments. Results: Overall, 13 weeks of resistance training increased muscle strength (13% ± 8%), muscle mass (9% ± 8%), and endurance performance (one-legged, 23% ± 15%; whole-body, 8% ± 7%), assessed as weighted combined factors, and were associated with changes in health variables (e.g. visceral fat, -6% ± 21%; [LDL]serum , -4% ± 14%) and muscle tissue characteristics such as fibre type proportions (e.g. IIX, -3% points), myonuclei per fibre (30% ± 65%), total RNA/rRNA abundances (15%/6-19%), and transcriptome profiles (e.g. 312 differentially expressed genes). Vitamin D3 supplementation did not affect training-associated changes for any of the main outcome domains, despite robust increases in [25(OH)D]serum (∆49% vs. placebo). No conditional effects were observed for COPD vs. healthy or pre-RCT [25(OH)D]serum . In secondary analyses, vitamin D3 affected expression of gene sets involved in vascular functions in muscle tissue and strength gains in participants with high fat mass, which advocates further study. Conclusions: Vitamin D3 supplementation did not affect muscular responses to resistance training in older adults with or without COPD. Keywords: Cholecalciferol; Muscle plasticity; Strength training. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders.

• Støa, Eva Maria; Helgerud, Jan; Rønnestad, Bent; Hansen, Joar; Ellefsen, Stian & Støren, Øyvind (2020). Factors Influencing Running Velocity at Lactate Threshold in Male and Female Runners at Different Levels of Performance. Frontiers in Physiology. 11, s. 1–8. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.585267. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: The primary aim was to examine the relationship between lactate threshold (LT) expressed as percentage of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and running velocity at LT (LTV). A secondary aim was to investigate to what extent VO2max, oxygen cost of running (CR), and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) determined LTV. A third aim was to investigate potential differences in LT and LTV between elite, national and recreational runners, as well as possible gender differences regarding VO2max, CR, LT, and LTV. Methods: Seventy-five competitive runners (37 males and 38 females) with an average VO2max of 63.0 ± 9.3 mL · kg−1 · min−1 , and an average LTV of 13.6 ± 2.3 km · h −1 were tested for VO2max, LT, LTV, MAS, and CR. Results: Lactate threshold did not correlate with LTV. With an r – value of 0.95 (p < 0.001) and a standard error of estimate of 4.0%, the product of MAS and individual LT determined 90% of LTV, outside a range of ±0.27 km · h −1 . LTV increased with higher performance level. However, LT did not differ between elite, national and recreational runners. Female runners had 2.5% higher LT, 8% lower LTV, and 21% lower VO2max, but 9% better CR than male runners. Conclusion: Lactate threshold did not correlate with LTV. The product of MAS and LT correlated strongly with LTV. There were no differences between elite, national and recreational runners regarding LT, but female runners had higher LT than the male runners. Female runners at the same relative performance level had lower LTV and VO2max, but better CR than male runners.

• Vikmoen, Olav; Raastad, Truls; Ellefsen, Stian & Rønnestad, Bent (2020). Adaptations to strength training differ between endurance-trained and untrained women. European Journal of Applied Physiology. ISSN 1439-6319. 120(7), s. 1541–1549. doi: 10.1007/s00421-020-04381-x. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate if endurance athletes, sustaining their normal endurance training, experience attenuated adaptations to strength training compared to untrained individuals. Methods: Eleven non-strength-trained female endurance athletes (E + S) added 11 weeks of strength training to their normal endurance training (5.1 ± 1.1 h per week), and 10 untrained women (S) performed the same strength training without any endurance training. The strength training consisted of four leg exercises [3 × 4 − 10 repetition maximum (RM)], performed twice a week for 11 weeks. Results: E + S and S displayed similar increases in 1RM one-legged leg press (E + S 39 ± 19%, S 42 ± 17%, p < 0.05), maximal isometric torque in knee extension (E + S 12 ± 11%, S 8 ± 10%, p < 0.05) and lean mass in the legs (E + S 3 ± 4%, S 3 ± 3%, p < 0.05). However, S displayed superior increases in peak torque in knee extension at an angular velocity of 240° sec−1 (E + S 8 ± 5%, S 15 ± 7%, p < 0.05) and maximal squat jump height (E + S 8 ± 6%, S 14 ± 7%, p < 0.05). Conclusions: In this study, concurrent training did not impair the adaptations in the ability to develop force at low contraction velocities or muscle hypertrophy. However, concurrent training attenuated strength training-associated changes in the ability to develop force at higher muscular contraction velocities.

• Khan, Yusuf; Hammarström, Jens Konrad Daniel; Rønnestad, Bent; Ellefsen, Stian & Ahmad, Rafi (2020). Increased biological relevance of transcriptome analyses in human skeletal muscle using a model-specific pipeline. BMC Bioinformatics. 21(1). doi: 10.1186/s12859-020-03866-y. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: Human skeletal muscle responds to weight-bearing exercise with significant inter-individual differences. Investigation of transcriptome responses could improve our understanding of this variation. However, this requires bioinformatic pipelines to be established and evaluated in study-specific contexts. Skeletal muscle subjected to mechanical stress, such as through resistance training (RT), accumulates RNA due to increased ribosomal biogenesis. When a fixed amount of total-RNA is used for RNA-seq library preparations, mRNA counts are thus assessed in different amounts of tissue, potentially invalidating subsequent conclusions. The purpose of this study was to establish a bioinformatic pipeline specific for analysis of RNA-seq data from skeletal muscles, to explore the effects of different normalization strategies and to identify genes responding to RT in a volume-dependent manner (moderate vs. low volume). To this end, we analyzed RNA-seq data derived from a twelve-week RT intervention, wherein 25 participants performed both low- and moderate-volume leg RT, allocated to the two legs in a randomized manner. Bilateral muscle biopsies were sampled from m. vastus lateralis before and after the intervention, as well as before and after the fifth training session (Week 2). Result: Bioinformatic tools were selected based on read quality, observed gene counts, methodological variation between paired observations, and correlations between mRNA abundance and protein expression of myosin heavy chain family proteins. Different normalization strategies were compared to account for global changes in RNA to tissue ratio. After accounting for the amounts of muscle tissue used in library preparation, global mRNA expression increased by 43-53%. At Week 2, this was accompanied by dose-dependent increases for 21 genes in rested-state muscle, most of which were related to the extracellular matrix. In contrast, at Week 12, no readily explainable dose-dependencies were observed. Instead, traditional normalization and non-normalized models resulted in counterintuitive reverse dose-dependency for many genes. Overall, training led to robust transcriptome changes, with the number of differentially expressed genes ranging from 603 to 5110, varying with time point and normalization strategy. Conclusion: Optimized selection of bioinformatic tools increases the biological relevance of transcriptome analyses from resistance-trained skeletal muscle. Moreover, normalization procedures need to account for global changes in rRNA and mRNA abundance. Keywords: Bioinformatics pipeline; Normalization; RNA-seq; Skeletal muscle.

Se alle arbeider i NVA

• Odden, Ingvill Urianstad; Hamarsland, Håvard; Odden, Tomas Urianstad; Hammarström, Daniel; Rogneflåten, Torkil & Hansen, Joar [Vis alle 12 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Individual responses to 8 weeks of aerobic interval training are partially reproducible. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Urianstad, Tomas; Odden, Ingvill; Hamarsland, Håvard; Hammarström, Daniel; Rogneflåten, Torkil & Hansen, Joar [Vis alle 11 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Comparable absolute VO2max gains between middle-aged females and males, but greater percentage increases in females during and after 11 months of aerobic exercise training. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Odden, Ingvill; Hamarsland, Håvard & Ellefsen, Stian (2024). Fyller fryseren med vev, blod og avføring: Det gir Solbjørg et nytt liv. [Journal]. Gudbrandsdølen Dagningen (GD). Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ellefsen, Stian (2023). Er trening medisin? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Grindaker, Eirik; Nygård, Håvard; Ellefsen, Stian; Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Hamarsland, Håvard & Lognseth, Stig (2022). Organer del 3: Lunger. doi: https:/www.spreaker.com/episode/organer-del-3-lunger--48161117. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Fagpersoner fra seksjon for helse og treningsfysiologi, Universitetet i Innlandet tar en gjennomgang av kroppens organer og diskuterer hvilke effekt fysisk aktivitet/trening har på det spesifikke organet, og hvilke respons ulike treningstyper gir. I tillegg diskuterer vi hvor avgjørende trening/fysisk aktivitet er for god organisk funksjon, og hvilken betydning organet har for effekten av trening generelt. I denne episoden har vi fokus på lunger.

• Grindaker, Eirik; Hamarsland, Håvard; Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Ellefsen, Stian; Nygård, Håvard & Lognseth, Stig (2022). Organer del 4: Nyrer og binyrer. doi: https:/www.spreaker.com/episode/organer-del-4-nyrer-og-binyrer--48235881. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Fagpersoner fra seksjon for helse og treningsfysiologi, Universitetet i Innlandet tar en gjennomgang av kroppens organer og diskuterer hvilke effekt fysisk aktivitet/trening har på det spesifikke organet, og hvilke respons ulike treningstyper gir. I tillegg diskuterer vi hvor avgjørende trening/fysisk aktivitet er for god organisk funksjon, og hvilken betydning organet har for effekten av trening generelt. I denne episoden har vi fokus på nyrer og binyrer.

• Grindaker, Eirik; Nygård, Håvard; Ellefsen, Stian; Hamarsland, Håvard; Mølmen, Knut Sindre & Lognseth, Stig (2022). Organer del 5: Lever. doi: https:/www.spreaker.com/episode/organer-del-5-lever--48374582. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Fagpersoner fra seksjon for helse og treningsfysiologi, Universitetet i Innlandet tar en gjennomgang av kroppens organer og diskuterer hvilke effekt fysisk aktivitet/trening har på det spesifikke organet, og hvilke respons ulike treningstyper gir. I tillegg diskuterer vi hvor avgjørende trening/fysisk aktivitet er for god organisk funksjon, og hvilken betydning organet har for effekten av trening generelt. I denne episoden har vi fokus på lever.

• Grindaker, Eirik; Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Hamarsland, Håvard; Ellefsen, Stian; Nygård, Håvard & Lognseth, Stig (2022). Organer del 6: Skjelett og beinmarg. doi: https:/www.spreaker.com/episode/organer-del-6-skjelett-og-beinmarg--50212454. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Fagpersoner fra seksjon for helse og treningsfysiologi, Universitetet i Innlandet tar en gjennomgang av kroppens organer og diskuterer hvilke effekt fysisk aktivitet/trening har på det spesifikke organet, og hvilke respons ulike treningstyper gir. I tillegg diskuterer vi hvor avgjørende trening/fysisk aktivitet er for god organisk funksjon, og hvilken betydning organet har for effekten av trening generelt. I denne episoden har vi fokus på skjelett og beinmarg.

• Grindaker, Eirik; Nygård, Håvard; Ellefsen, Stian; Hamarsland, Håvard; Mølmen, Knut Sindre & Lognseth, Stig (2022). Organer del 7: Kjønnsorganer. doi: https:/www.spreaker.com/episode/organer-del-7-kjonnsorganer--50402783. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Fagpersoner fra seksjon for helse og treningsfysiologi, Universitetet i Innlandet tar en gjennomgang av kroppens organer og diskuterer hvilke effekt fysisk aktivitet/trening har på det spesifikke organet, og hvilke respons ulike treningstyper gir. I tillegg diskuterer vi hvor avgjørende trening/fysisk aktivitet er for god organisk funksjon, og hvilken betydning organet har for effekten av trening generelt. I denne episoden har vi fokus på kjønnsorganer.

• Grindaker, Eirik; Hamarsland, Håvard; Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Nygård, Håvard; Ellefsen, Stian & Lognseth, Stig (2022). Organer del 8: Hjerte. doi: https:/www.spreaker.com/episode/organer-del-8-hjerte--50459135. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Fagpersoner fra seksjon for helse og treningsfysiologi, Universitetet i Innlandet tar en gjennomgang av kroppens organer og diskuterer hvilke effekt fysisk aktivitet/trening har på det spesifikke organet, og hvilke respons ulike treningstyper gir. I tillegg diskuterer vi hvor avgjørende trening/fysisk aktivitet er for god organisk funksjon, og hvilken betydning organet har for effekten av trening generelt. I denne episoden har vi fokus på hjerte.

• Grindaker, Eirik; Ellefsen, Stian; Nygård, Håvard; Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Hamarsland, Håvard & Lognseth, Stig (2022). Organer del 9: Milten, thymus, huden og bukspyttkjertelen. doi: https:/www.spreaker.com/episode/organer-del-9-milten-thymus-huden-og-bukspyttkjertelen--51317667. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Fagpersoner fra seksjon for helse og treningsfysiologi, Universitetet i Innlandet tar en gjennomgang av kroppens organer og diskuterer hvilke effekt fysisk aktivitet/trening har på det spesifikke organet, og hvilke respons ulike treningstyper gir. I tillegg diskuterer vi hvor avgjørende trening/fysisk aktivitet er for god organisk funksjon, og hvilken betydning organet har for effekten av trening generelt. I denne episoden har vi fokus på milten, thymus, huden og bukspyttkjertelen.

• Grindaker, Eirik; Hamarsland, Håvard; Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Nygård, Håvard; Ellefsen, Stian & Lognseth, Stig (2022). Organer del 10: Muskler. doi: https:/www.spreaker.com/episode/organer-del-10-muskler--51426271. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Fagpersoner fra Seksjon for helse og treningsfysiologi, Universitetet i Innlandet tar en gjennomgang av kroppens organer og diskuterer hvilke effekt fysisk aktivitet/trening har på det spesifikke organet, og hvilke respons ulike treningstyper gir. I tillegg diskuterer vi hvor avgjørende trening/fysisk aktivitet er for god organisk funksjon, og hvilken betydning organet har for effekten av trening generelt. I denne episoden har vi fokus på muskler

• Grindaker, Eirik; Nygård, Håvard; Ellefsen, Stian; Hamarsland, Håvard; Mølmen, Knut Sindre & Lognseth, Stig (2022). Organsystemer: Introduksjon. doi: https:/api.spreaker.com/v2/episodes/52202050/download.mp3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Fagpersoner fra Seksjon for helse og treningsfysiologi, Universitetet i Innlandet tar en gjennomgang av kroppens organsystemer og diskuterer hvilken effekt fysisk aktivitet/trening har på systemene. Både akutte og mer langsiktige effekter blir vurdert. I tillegg diskuterer vi hvor avgjørende trening/fysisk aktivitet er for god organisk funksjon, og hvilken betydning organsystemet har for effekten av trening generelt

• Grindaker, Eirik; Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Hamarsland, Håvard; Ellefsen, Stian; Nygård, Håvard & Lognseth, Stig (2022). Organsystemer del 1: Forsvarssystemet. doi: https:/api.spreaker.com/v2/episodes/52257401/download.mp3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Fagpersoner fra Seksjon for Helse og Treningsfysiologi, Universitetet i Innlandet tar en gjennomgang av kroppens organsystemer og diskuterer hvilken effekt hvilken effekt fysisk aktivitet/trening har på systemene. Både akutte og mer langsiktige effekter blir vurdert. I tillegg diskuterer vi hvor avgjørende trening/fysisk aktivitet er for god organisk funksjon, og hvilken betydning organsystemet har for effekten av trening generelt. I denne episoden er «Forsvarssystemet» tema, hvor vi har inkludert immunsystemet og lymfesystemet.

• Ellefsen, Stian; Hausstätter, Rune & Stokland, Inger (2022). Uenige om flytting av høgskolen. [Journal]. Gudbrandsdølen Dagningen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Grindaker, Eirik; Nygård, Håvard; Ellefsen, Stian; Hamarsland, Håvard & Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2022). Podkasten "Trening": Organkonkurransen (10 episoder). [Radio]. Spotify. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Fagpersoner fra Seksjon for Helse og Treningsfysiologi, Høgskolen i Innlandet, tar en gjennomgang av kroppens organer og diskuterer hvilke effekter fysisk aktivitet/trening har på det spesifikke organet, og hvilke responser ulike treningstyper gir. I tillegg diskuterer vi hvor avgjørende fysisk aktivitet/trening er for god organisk funksjon, og hvilken betydning organet har for effekten av trening generelt.

• Hamarsland, Håvard; Hammarström, Jens Konrad Daniel; Hafsmo, Mads-Henrik; Varpestuen, Tomas & Ellefsen, Stian (2022). Evidence for volume-dependent cross-learning during 10 weeks of unilateral heavy resistance training. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  INTRODUCTION: Unilateral training protocols allow one individual to undergo two different treatments within the same timeframe, allocated to each of the two limbs. The benefit of such designs includes increased statistical power, due to within-individual comparisons, with accompanying reductions in required resources. Despite this, training interventions seldom employ unilateral designs, which is likely due to potential cross-learning effects between the two limbs, whereby training of one limb induces gains in strength in the contralateral limb, as reported in a number of studies. Although the presence of such cross-learning effects is widely accepted, it has proven difficult to conclude on this perspective, due to several methodological issues with previous studies. The goal of the current study was to investigate the potential cross-learning effects during a 10-week unilateral training intervention with two different training volumes or lack thereof. METHODS: Healthy untrained subjects (♂:12, ♀:27, 24.4±3.9 yrs) participated in a 10-week whole-body training intervention, wherein the legs were exposed to either of three interventions, i) no training, ii) three sets of 10RM resistance training (RT), or iii) six sets of 10RM RT, performed three times per week in a contralateral manner (leg press and knee extension). For these interventions, participants performed either of five combinations: 0-3, 0-6, 3-6, 0-0 and 3-3. Muscle strength was assessed as 1RM (leg press and knee extension) and isokinetic strength (0°/sec, 60°/sec and 240°/sec), performed 4 times during the initial 3 weeks of training and 2 times in week 11. Average weighted mean changes after familiarization were used in analyses. Muscle mass was assessed as mid-thigh muscle thickness (m. vastus lateralis and m. vastus intermedius, ultrasound) in weeks 1, 3, 7 and 11. Group * Time effects were evaluated using mixed-effects models. RESULTS: Strength development in non-trained legs showed an interaction effect with the training volume performed by the other leg (group * time P=0.011), increasing 6.9 % in 0-6 (95% CI: 1.7, 12.4) and 2.0 % in 0-3 [-2.8, 7.0] compared to 0-0. This was not seen in the 3-set leg (group * time P=0.110). For muscle thickness, neither non-trained legs nor three-set legs displayed contralateral spillover from the trained leg (non-trained legs, group * time P=0.728; three-set leg, group * time P=0.728). CONCLUSION: In contralateral training designs, cross-learning may affect strength outcome in non-training control limbs, but not muscle mass. The extent of the contralateral training effect seems to be influenced by the prescribed training volume in the trained limb.

• Ellefsen, Stian; Hammarström, Daniel; Mølmen, Knut Sindre & Hamarsland, Håvard (2022). The Trainome – combining exercise training and nutrition to improve the health efficacy of lifestyle therapy. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Grindaker, Eirik; Ellefsen, Stian; Nygård, Håvard; Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Hamarsland, Håvard & Lognseth, Stig (2021). Organer del 1: Introduksjon. doi: https:/www.spreaker.com/episode/organer-del-1-introduksjon--47950143. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Fagpersoner fra seksjon for helse og treningsfysiologi, Universitetet i Innlandet tar en gjennomgang av kroppens organer og diskuterer hvilke effekt fysisk aktivitet/trening har på det spesifikke organet, og hvilke respons ulike treningstyper gir. I tillegg diskuterer vi hvor avgjørende trening/fysisk aktivitet er for god organisk funksjon, og hvilken betydning organet har for effekten av trening generelt. I denne episoden introduserer vi konseptet og avgjør hvilke organer som skal inkluderes.

• Grindaker, Eirik; Mølmen, Knut Sindre; Hamarsland, Håvard; Nygård, Håvard; Ellefsen, Stian & Lognseth, Stig (2021). Organer del 2: Tarmen. doi: https:/www.spreaker.com/episode/organer-del-2-tarmen--47951061. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Fagpersoner fra seksjon for helse og treningsfysiologi, Universitetet i Innlandet tar en gjennomgang av kroppens organer og diskuterer hvilke effekt fysisk aktivitet/trening har på det spesifikke organet, og hvilke respons ulike treningstyper gir. I tillegg diskuterer vi hvor avgjørende trening/fysisk aktivitet er for god organisk funksjon, og hvilken betydning organet har for effekten av trening generelt. I denne episoden har vi fokus på tarmen.

• Ellefsen, Stian & Hammarström, Jens Konrad Daniel (2021). Forskere har undersøkt myten om at tung trening gir størst fremgang. Forskersonen.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ellefsen, Stian & Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2021). The miracle cure is exercise, not vitamin D. sciencenorway.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Ellefsen, Stian & Mølmen, Knut Sindre (2021). Mirakelkuren er trening, ikke vitamin D. Forskersonen.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Grindaker, Eirik; Ellefsen, Stian; Nygård, Håvard & Lognseth, Stig (2020). Individuelle ulikheter og treningsrespons. doi: https:/api.spreaker.com/v2/episodes/24686009/download.mp3. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Denne podkastepisoden har fokus på trenbarhet og individuelle forskjeller i respons på trening. Episoden tar for seg hvorfor noen får stor effekt av trening mens andre opplever mindre fremgang, hva som regulerer trenbarhet, og hvordan trening og andre tiltak kan tilpasses for å bedre responsen hos dem som i utgangspunktet har lavere utbytte av treningen.

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