Bente Ovedie Skogvang

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie & Massao, Prisca Bruno (2024). The Potential of Sámi/Indigenous Festivals to Inform and Bridge Formal Education Systems. Nordisk tidsskrift for pedagogikk og kritikk. 10(3), s. 176–190. doi: 10.23865/ntpk.v10.5886. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This article aims to explore how Indigenous knowledge and skills acquired at Sámi festivals can supplement and critically inform knowledge in the Norwegian formal education system. The empirical data for this study are derived from extensive fieldwork (2009–2019) comprising observations of Riddu Riđđu festival participants, and semi-structured in-depth interviews with open-ended questions conducted with festival participants and volunteers who also work at different educational and cultural institutions, such as schools, language centres, libraries, and museums. We applied an Indigenous paradigm and methodology (Koukkanen, 2000; Smith, 2010) that favours land- or place-based pedagogies (Thornton, et al., 2021; Wildcat et al., 2014), along with a holistic research method approach. The results show that Sámi/Indigenous festivals have been and still are crucial in revitalising Sámi cultures and ways of knowing that are still marginalised in mainstream education systems. The Indigenous knowledge and skills acquired at Sámi and other Indigenous festivals have the potential to supplement and critically inform knowledge in formal education systems such as schools, teacher education, libraries, and museums.

• Hovland, Jan-Freddy; Langeland, Eva; Ness, Ottar & Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2023). Experiences of the Quality of the Interplay between Home-Living Young Adults with Serious Mental Illness and Their Social Environments. Issues in Mental Health Nursing. ISSN 0161-2840. 44(8), s. 735–745. doi: 10.1080/01612840.2023.2224877. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The purpose of this study is to explore the experiences of the interplay between home-living young adults in the community with a serious mental illness (SMI) and their social environment and how this experience influence their mental health and well-being in light of the theory of salutogenesis. In a qualitative study, nine young adults with SMI were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed and subjected to reflexive thematic analysis. The following three overarching themes characterized these young adults’ experiences of such interplay: (1) a sense of shame and feeling less valued in society, (2) challenges in engagement and maintaining relationships, and (3) the significance of social support in one’s family. Accordingly, the young adults experienced both the presence of good, constructive interplay with their social environment and deficits in this reciprocal feedback loop. Overall, this study illuminates the need for more tolerant health-promoting public attitudes to ensure that individuals with a SMI might experience better interplay by feeling that they are valued members of a nurturing society and that they can contribute to their local community. Participation in society should not be limited by one’s illness or expectations of being recovered before one can fully participate in society. Experiencing social support and inclusion in society is essential to strengthen self-identity and fight against stigma, thus promoting a sense of coherence, health and well-being.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2023). Breaking Barriers in Norwegian Women’s Football. I Szerovay, Mihaly; Nevala, Arto & Itkonen, Hannu (Red.), Football in the Nordic Countries Practices, Equality and Influence. Routledge. ISSN 9781032249131. s. 150–162. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The largest organised sport for girls and women continues in breaking barriers with the women's national teams’ abroad, increase in media attention and higher attendance in elite clubs. Huge resistance and discrimination have neither stopped women from playing nor coaching, leading, refereeing. Several players are playing in professional leagues domestic and abroad, like the famous Ballon d’Or winner Ada Hegerberg. Here, I present research from the perspectives of women inside football about the development locally and globally and pinpoint how women have been breaking barriers in the past and today, which also are crucial for the future. I address how women's football in Norway developed from entertainment in men's eyes, with pressure from the women's movement to inclusion in the Norwegian Football Federation (NFF), international successes, stronger league organisation and more professional opportunities. Like in other European countries female teams have emerged into male top clubs in Norway, which has attracted more sponsors and larger club support (i.e. medical, economic, volunteers), but which also create some challenges. Women footballers positively highlight the increase in professional opportunities, support from spectators and sponsors, and the explosion in media attention the last period.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2023). Professional women’s football in Norway - a field of empowerment and discrimination. I Culvin, Alex & Bowes, Ali (Red.), Women’s Football in a Global, Professional Era. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. ISSN 9781800710535. s. 49–65. doi: 10.1108/978-1-80071-052-820230004. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This chapter aims to discuss the development within Norwegian football which has led to professionalisation of women ’ s football in the country. In considering the professionalisation of women ’ s football in Norway, the chapter is organised as follows. First, the theoretical framework with central concepts from Bourdieu ’ s theory and the ‘ Sport/Media Complex ’ are introduced. Second, the international development of women ’ s football and milestones with relevance are introduced. Third, an empirical investigation into the professionalisation of women ’ s football is presented. Finally, the four phases of the development of women ’ s football in Norway are presented and discussed, with a link to broader international development, before concluding on what this means for women ’ s football in Norway.

• Hjelseth, Arve; Skogvang, Bente Ovedie; Telseth, Frode & Augestad, Pål (2023). Inclusion, Exclusion and Modernisation in Norway. I Szerovay, Mihaly; Nevala, Arto & Itkonen, Hannu (Red.), Football in the Nordic Countries Practices, Equality and Influence. Routledge. ISSN 9781032249131. s. 51–63. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Football, the largest organised sport in Norway (men since the 1930s/women since 1995), has over 370,000 participants, with majority of children and youth, and 29% of which are women/girls. Here, we aim to discuss the development of Norwegian football based on two main narratives: modernisation (international influences, the late development of professional football, the establishment of, and changes in, the league systems and the influence of commercial interests and the media) and inclusion and exclusion (football and social class, the growth of children's and youth football and the slow but gradual recognition of women's football). Both narratives are contextualised in terms of the broader social, political and cultural trends in Norway. The analysis divided into four main sections. The first section roughly covers the period from the 1880s to 1920s; the second, the spread and consolidation of football, 1920s to 1970s; while the third section concentrates on the last 50 years. A final part discusses possibilities for the future of Norwegian football. In the analysis, both narratives are included for all historical periods. Particular attention is, however, paid to various aspects of the professionalisation of football since the 1970s and to the introduction of women's football from the late 1970s.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie & Massao, Prisca Bruno (2023). Kulturelle og politiske betydninger av aktivitetstilbud for barn og unge på urfolksfestivalen Riddu Riđđu. En helhetlig tilnærming. Idrott, historia & samhälle. ISSN 0280-2775. s. 48–69. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This article focuses on the activities offered to children and young people at the international indigenous festival Riddu Riđđu in Gáivuotna/Kåfjord municipality in Troms, Norway. The study sheds light on how Mánáidfestivála (children’s festival) at Riddu Riđđu function as decolonization against Norwegianisation (Norwegian colonisation), and how Sami/indigenous perspectives are expressed in such processes. The aim is to contribute to the knowledge about the importance of indigenous festivals for indi-genous people both in Sápmi and internationally. The article is based on fieldwork at Riddu Riđđu festival in the period 2009-2019 with the focus on Mánáidfestivála. Riddu Riđđu started in 1991, as part of the historical development after the Alta-conflict, the establishment of the Sámi Parliament and it has had great signi-ficance in the revitalization of the Sámi culture. The activities for children and young people are central to this development as an initiative for decolonization processes for the indigenous peoples. We apply indigenous paradigm and indigenous methodology. The data material consists of document analysis, field conversations and notes and in-depth interviews. Our findings show that Riddu Riđđu is an important arena for developing, highlighting, and re-vitalizing Sámi and indigenous culture through the development of solidarity and in holistic approaches.Keywords: Sami festivals, indigenous people, children’s activities, outdoor activities, decolonization.

• Hovland, Jan-Freddy; Langeland, Eva; Ness, Ottar & Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2023). Experiences with physical activity, health and well-being among young adults with serious mental illness. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. ISSN 1748-2623. 18(1). doi: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2221911. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose To explore how young adults with serious mental illness (SMI) experience physical activity and how these experiences influence their perceived health and well-being. Methods Nine young adults with SMI who had participated in an aerobic high-intensity interval training program were interviewed in depth. The interviews were transcribed and subjected to reflexive thematic analysis. Results The results indicated that people with SMI mainly experience physical activity as a meaningful activity that contributes to an increased sense of well-being and better health. However, to overcome various barriers, it is crucial to experience social support and encouragement. The following three main themes were identified through reflexive thematic analysis: (1) positive changes in focus and an increase in well-being occur through physical activity; (2) increased mental strength results from physical activity; and (3) a lack of support and feelings of safety prevent physical activity. Conclusions This study shows that adapted physical activity is an important resistance resource that can promote stronger self-identity, increased mental well-being and social engagement and thus contribute to an improved ability to manage stressors. Furthermore, the findings reveal that to engage in physical activity and promote sustainable life changes, it is important for individuals to choose a physical activity based on personal interest and meaning.

• Massao, Prisca Bruno & Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2023). Rasialisering, hvithet og norskhet: Nasjonal identitetsdannelse i og gjennom idrett. Norsk sosiologisk tidsskrift. 7(1), s. 41–57. doi: 10.18261/nost.7.1.4. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Denne artikkelen belyser hvordan idretten kan fungere som arena både for å reprodusere og for å utfordre hvithet knyttet til norskhet og nasjonal identitet. Med utgangspunkt i rasedannelse (Omi & Winant, 2014), rasialisering (Cornell & Hartmann, 2007; Murji & Solomos, 2005) og motfortellinger (Delgado & Stefancic, 2017) som teoretisk rammeverk diskuterer vi hvordan svarte norske idrettsutøveres identiteter blir sammenstilt med norskhet. Ved hjelp av 17 dybdeintervjuer med idrettsutøvere (8 menn og 9 kvinner) på bredde- og elite nivå viser våre funn hvordan svarte norske idrettsutøvere med afrikansk/karibisk opphav opplever rasialisering og rasisme i idrett og i Norge, og hvordan deres fortellinger viser forhandlinger, representasjon og motstand knyttet til assosiasjon av hvithet og norsk identitet. De svarte idrettsutøvernes fortellinger bidrar til (om)definering av myten om å assosiere norskhet med hvithet. Denne kunnskapen mener vi kan ha stor betydning for dem som er opptatt av idrettens rolle som arena for sosial rettferdighet, integrering og inkludering.

• Hovland, Jan Freddy; Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie; Ness, Ottar & Langeland, Eva (2021). Development of salutogenic coping skills: experiences with daily challenges among young adults suffering from serious mental illness. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. ISSN 1748-2623. 16(1). doi: 10.1080/17482631.2021.1879369. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore experiences with daily challenges and the development of salutogenic copings skills among young adults with serious mental illness. Methods Nine young adults with serious mental illness were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed and subjected to reflexive thematic analysis. Results Two main themes were identified through the analysis: “The influence of symptoms in everyday life and challenges with participating in the community” and “Making the small things matter.” The findings show that different life experiences, or on-going challenges, often can affect or interfere their lives on a daily basis, and that previous experiences with psychosis can contribute to the development of salutogenic coping skills. Conclusions This study shows the importance of increased knowledge and awareness of different life experiences and challenges among people with serious mental illness such as schizophrenia spectrum disorders. It is significant to strengthen the ability to identify and use appropriate resistance resources to promote salutogenic coping skills and thus better health. Furthermore, it is important to be aware that the development of salutogenic coping skills must be personalized to cultural contexts and society as well as supported by local communities, families and services.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2021). Development of Cultural and Environmental Awareness Through Sámi Outdoor Life at Sámi/Indigenous Festivals. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. s. 81–96. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2021.662929. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The indigenous people Sámi are an ethnic minority living in Finland, Norway, Russia, and Sweden. Throughout history, Sámis have been living close to nature. Working with reindeer husbandry, fishing-farming, hunting, herding, and harvesting for food supplies, has traditionally been an integral part of their lives. Currently, only 2,500 of the ∼65,000 Sámis in Norway are operating reindeer husbandry (2019). Most Sámis today work in mainstream jobs, and the fishing-farming culture gradually become more like the mainstream societies where Sámis live. Fieldwork with participant observation and semi-structured interviews carried out at Riddu Riąąu Festivala in the period 2009–2018. In addition, the governing bodies of seven other Sámi festivals have been interviewed. All together 46 in-depth interviews and participant observations conducted, in addition to document analysis of the festivals. The aim was to study how physical and outdoor activities included in the festivals create indigenous people’s identities and cultural understanding and how the activities at the festivals might develop climate and environmental awareness. Indigenous festivals and their governing bodies offer many different forms of physical and cultural activities from Sámis and different indigenous peoples to the youth and children taking part. Further, the study shows that important aims for the organizers are to spread the knowledge about Sámis (i.e., local coastal Sámis and regional reindeer/Inland Sámis) and other indigenous peoples, and making environment-friendly festivals. They are trying to educate the children and youth in the cultural practices of their forefathers and foremothers. The manifold of activities offered at the festivals seem to create sustainable ties between persons, which equip the participants with social and cultural capital in addition to networks across festivals organizations internationally. The participants further express that taking part in the festival activities create symbolic capital, due to that they might express their indigeneity at the festivals both for people living in the region and for a greater audience. According to the participants, the festivals have equipped the participants with cultural awareness, as well as the children and youth taught an appreciation of nature so they can enjoy and respect nature and develop climate and environmental awareness.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2021). Fra "Kvinnefotball-VM" til "Fotball-VM" - Utviklingen av fotball for kvinner fra 1919 til 2021. I Tjønndal, Anne (Red.), Idrett, kjønn og ledelse. Fagbokforlaget. ISSN 9788245035353. s. 194–210. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Hvordan var det å være fotballspiller for kvinner på 1970-tallet, og hvordan opplever kvinner i norsk fotball situasjonen i dag? Jeg har selv levd gjennom denne perioden som spiller, trener, leder og dommer. I dette kapittelet vil jeg gi et innblikk i hva som kjennetegner det å være kvinne i fotballen – før og nå. For å belyse dette bygger jeg både på egne og andres erfaringer, og fortolker disse erfaringene i lys av milepæler i utviklingen av fotball for kvinner i Norge og tidligere forskning. Fra 1970 var Målfrid Kuvås viktig i utviklingen av fotballtilbudet for kvinner. Hun kalles ofte for «Kvinnefotballens mor» i Norge og var bl.a. med på å vinne NM-gull i 1973, organisert utenfor Norges Fotballforbund (NFF). Kuvås var ansatt i Oslo fotballkrets og hadde ulike lederverv i BUL Oslo i 25 år. Hun var den første kvinne som ble innehaver av gullmerket på NFF-tinget i 2002, og tittelen «gullmerkemann» måtte endres til «gullmerkeinnehaver». Kuvås spilte også en sentral rolle i den tidlige profesjonaliseringen på kvinnesiden. Hun døde av lungekreft 12.mai 2011. På grunn av innsatsen til pionerer som Kuvås, har Norge vært en av de ledende nasjonene i utviklingen av kvinnefotball på verdensbasis, særlig fra 1990-tallet og på begynnelsen av 2000-tallet (Skogvang, 2006; 2007; 2019). Dette er i ferd med å endre seg. De siste årene har flere andre land både i og utenfor Europa utkonkurrert Norge med sine landslag. På klubbnivå har ikke Toppserieklubbene klart å hevde seg i Women’s Club Championship (UWCL-UEFAs turnering for toppklubber i Europa). Klubber som Olympique Lyonnais, Paris Saint-Germain, Wolfsburg, FC Barcelona, som er i Europa-toppen på herresiden, er også blitt ledende i Europa på kvinnesiden. Likevel utvikler Norge noen av de beste kvinnelige fotballspillere. Norske Ada Hegerberg som spiller for Olympique Lyonnais og Caroline Graham Hansen som spiller for FC Barcelona, er eksempler på dette. I 2018 mottok Hegerberg, som første kvinne noensinne, Ballon d’Or, FIFAs høyeste utmerkelse for gode spillerprestasjoner. Opplevelsen av å være kvinne i fotballen, både i Norge og internasjonalt, er altså i endring, og fotball for kvinner i Norge har utviklet seg betraktelig de siste 50 årene.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2020). Sámi sports and outdoor life at the indigenous Riddu Riđđu festival. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning. ISSN 1472-9679. doi: 10.1080/14729679.2020.1838934. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The indigenous Riddu Riđđu Festival, organized yearly in the village of Olmáivággi/ Manndalen (Sápmi/Norway), presents the cultures of Sámi people and indigenous peoples across the world. A study of the activities offered at Riddu Riđđu over an eleven-year period (2009–2019) carried out. Through fieldwork (forty-six in-depth interviews, participant observations and document analysis), I contemplated how sports, physical and outdoor activities included in the festival create indigenous people’s identities and cultural understanding. Sámi sports and other indigenous sports and outdoor life are crucial parts of the festival, especially at the Children’s Festival: Mánáidfestivála. The activities represent different ethnicities and seem to create sustained ties between persons, networks and organizations and to build identities and bridges between participants. Taking part in festival activities claimed to be crucial symbolic capital, or poly cultural capital, in expressing indigeneity or in the creation of ‘indigenous hearts’ by participants, staff and volunteers at the festival.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2019). Scandinavian women’s football: the importance of male and female pioneers in the development of the sport. International Journal of the History of Sport. ISSN 0952-3367. 39(2), s. 207–228. doi: 10.1080/17460263.2019.1618389. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The importance of female and male pioneers in the development of women’s football in Scandinavia is in focus, where some of the female pioneers’ experiences presented. Sif Kalvø from Western Norway was the first known Scandinavian female football player who played abroad in Italy in 1971, and she was one of the pioneers. She was dependent on door openers in Norway and abroad. The door openers role, in making professional football possible; how the professional contracts came through; and why the Scandinavian female footballers went global in the early phases, discussed. To study this the Norwegian Mother of Women’s football, Målfrid Kuvås, and other female pioneer footballers are in-depth interviewed. Kuvås’ large collection of scrapbooks with media coverage, letters and other correspondence from the 1960s to 2000s are also studied. Qualitative in-depth interviews carried out, with five of the early professionals and five of the leaders involved in the migration processes. Secondary sources are academic literature and sport media. The dream about playing professional football, and to be able to live from football brought female players across the globe. Due to this, migration research is of interest when studying women’s football, and ‘push’- and ‘pull’- factors in migration are discussed.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie & Trollvik, Karoline Sofie Tveitnes (2018). Poly Cultural Capital: indigenous Peoples from Taiwan and Norway at the Riddu Riđđu festival. East Asian Sport Thoughts: The international journal for the sociology of sport. ISSN 2221-9358. 6(2018), s. 39–59. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The indigenous festival Riddu Riđđu seem to spread the interest and visibility of indigenous people’s sports and outdoor life activities all over the world, and in 2016 indigenous peoples from Taiwan was the "Northern people of the year” at this festival in Manndalen in Norway (Sápmi). Based on a longitudinal fieldwork carried out over an eight-year period (2009-2016), with 45 in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, it is clear that the Sámi and indigenous sports and outdoor life are crucial parts of Riddu Riđđu. Similarly, a fieldwork in 2013 at indigenous community gatherings in Taiwan organized by the Hunter School, show that outdoor activities create and strengthen indigenous people’s identities. These activities further seem to build identities and bridges between participants and give the participants a sense of belonging. In contrast, indigenous people all over the world still have to fight for their identities and rights in their everyday life. To be indigenous in Norway and Taiwan is far from clear-cut, and finding new ways of belonging to Taiwan and Norway as modern nations and modern societies equip indigenous individuals with poly cultural capital, which is helpful in todays’ society. Participation at Riddu Riđđu experienced as empowering. Indigenous individuals with similar backgrounds share activities during the festival, and the children, youth, parents and other participants underline the same statement: To take part in this festival supplements them in both indigenous cultural capital from different indigenous peoples and cultural capital from the mainstream culture. They explain that it makes them stronger and creates poly cultural people or ‘indigenous hearts’ with knowledge of both minorities and the majority population which is useful in a changing world.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2016). Festiválat main lea sámi sisdoallu, Sámi logut miuttalit 9 - Cielggaduvvon sámi statistihkka 2016. Sámi allaskuvla - Sami University College. ISSN 9788273670434. s. 62–81. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2016). Festivaler med samisk innhold, Samiske tall forteller 9 - Kommentert samisk statistikk 2016. Sámi allaskuvla - Sámi University College. ISSN 9788273670434. s. 60–78. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Forskning viser at festivalene bidrar til å skape identitet og kulturelle løft med forankring i lokalsamfunn, noe som er særlig tydelig for samiske festivaler, og det viser seg at deres tyngde, gjennomslagskraft og oppslutning skaper ringvirkninger også utenfor det kulturelle nedslagsfeltet. De samiske festivalene bruker blant annet musikk og joik som middel for å nå ungdommen, som skal bringe egen kultur og andres oppfatning av lokalsamfunn videre. Festivaler som tar et ansvar for samisk kulturformidling innen aktuelle temaer, mottar støtte fra offentlige organer, og det er derfor viktig at deres aktiviteter synliggjøres. I dette kapitlet redegjøres det for ulike festivaler i Norge med samisk innhold. Festivalenes vektlegging av det å synliggjøre og formidle samisk kunst, kultur og språk, og deres bidrag til å være kulturelle møteplasser og kulturarenaer for barn og unge, er satt i sentrum. De festivalene som mottar direkte støtte på Sametingets budsjett, er beskrevet. For innhenting av informasjon har jeg benyttet offentlig tilgjengelig statistikk, gjennomført samtaler med festivalarrangører og festivaldeltakere ansikt til ansikt og via telefon og e-post, samt studert festivalenes nettsider. Oversikten er ikke uttømmende, da eksakte tall mangler på flere områder. Alle tallene som fremkommer, er heller ikke direkte sammenlignbare, da de ulike festivalene teller for eksempel publikum og antall besøkende på ulike måter. Dette understreker også behovet for mer forskning både på samiske festivaler og urfolksfestivaler både her hjemme og internasjonalt.

• Langeland, Eva & Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2014). En salutogen tilnærming til personer som lider av depresjon. Økt mestring ved bruk av motstandsressursene fysisk aktivitet og friluftsliv, Helsefremming i kommunehelsetjenesten. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202436582. s. 135–147. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2014). «Herrefotballnormen» gir ulik status for kvinner og menn som spiller fotball på elitenivå. I Lippe, Gerd von der & Hognestad, Hans K (Red.), Kjønnsmakt i idrett og friluftsliv. Novus Forlag. ISSN 9788270997930. s. 155–180. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Botelho, Vera & Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2014). Leaving the core: the emigration of Scandinavian women soccer players. I Agergaard, Sine & Tielser, Nina Clara (Red.), Women, Soccer and Transnational Migration. Routledge. ISSN 9780415824590. s. 117–139. doi: 10.4324/9780203544617-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Estimated participation figures of almost 30 million worldwide make soccer the most prominent team sport amongst girls and women. However, making a living as a female player is only deemed possible in approximately 20 out of around 150 FIFA-listed women’s soccer countries. This has led to a situation where highly skilled sports women have to migrate from their homelands to find employment with a professional team. Women, Soccer and Transnational Migration represents a substantial contribution to our knowledge on the development of women’s soccer, to research into sports labor migration and sport and globalization more broadly. The book consists of three parts. Firstly, it provides an overview and an analysis of migration in women's soccer from its earliest forms until now. It then presents several case studies, delivered by scholars from around the world, illustrating how female players are increasingly being drawn to the USA, Northern Europe and Scandinavia due to their ability to support professional leagues. Finally, all the themes and patterns of these case studies are drawn together to be able to compare and contrast migration in women's soccer to sport migration and globalization more broadly. This study not only makes recommendations for future researchers, but may also serve as an important source of information for those in charge of policy. As such, it is essential reading for students, lecturers, researchers and practitioners involved in sports migration and women's sport.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2013). Players' and Coaches' Experiences with the Gendered Sport/Media Complex in Elite Football. I Pfister, Gertrud & Sisjord, Mari-Kristin (Red.), Gender and Sport: Changes and Challenges. Waxmann Verlag. ISSN 9783830928737. s. 103–122. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2013). Identitet og fellesskap gjennom bevegelsesaktivitet på Riddu Riđđu. I Tjora, Aksel Hagen (Red.), Festival! Mellom rølp, kultur og næring. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202422219. s. 129–153. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Botelho, Vera & Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2013). The Pioneers - Early years of the Scandinavian emigration of women footballers. Soccer and Society. ISSN 1466-0970. 14(6), s. 799–815. doi: 10.1080/14660970.2013.843909. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This study examines the early years, or the “Pioneer Period” of the Scandinavia emigration of women footballers. Based on secondary sources of historical information on women’s football and on primary and empirical data provide by a sample of players that migrated at that time, we attempted to show how this emigration flux emerged and developed and how the players assess their migration experience. The findings show that the emigration of Scandinavian players can be traced back to the 1960s and since then it has kept increasing. This study further shows that the emigration in those early years resulted, mainly, from a combination of macro and micro, pull and push factors as for example, the lack of professional opportunity at home and attractive invitation from Italy, Japan, USA and Germany, as well as, the individual motivation of the players was to improve football skills and to know another culture, and also economic benefits. Highly positive impacts on their personal and professional life, is how the players account their migration experience.

• Agergaard, Sine; Andersson, Torbjörn; Carlsson, Bo & Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2013). Scandinavian women's football in world: migration, management and mixed identity. Soccer and Society. ISSN 1466-0970. 14(6), s. 769–780. doi: 10.1080/14660970.2013.843904. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This special issue has grown out of an ongoing Nordic collaborative research project (Nordcorp) using Scandinavian women’s football as a strategically selected extreme case (of organizational development) to study a Nordic sport model in transition. The common point of interest for the project group, which overlaps with the editors and authors in this issue of Soccer and Society, is a fascination with the current development of Scandinavian women’s football that stands out as an intriguing subject for bothsports research and the social sciences

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie & Fasting, Kari (2013). Football and sexualities in Norway. Soccer and Society. ISSN 1466-0970. 14(6), s. 872–886. doi: 10.1080/14660970.2013.843924. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Throughout history football has been the largest sport for men in Norway, as it is today. But now it is also the largest organized female sport in our country. The purpose of this paper is to present and discuss the results from a study about female and male football players and their coaches’ attitudes towards the football players’ sexualities. The empirical data presented is based on in-depth interviews with 22 players (11 of each sex) and eight coaches (two women and six men) in men’s and women’s elite football in Norway. The concept hegemonic masculinity of Connell and Bourdieu’s terms symbolic power and doxa are used in trying to explain the results. Men and women, and lesbians and gays develop different habitus, because of their different experiences within Norwegian elite football. The study shows that the hetero-normativity still is strong in men’s elite football. When you are a man and plays football, it is taken for granted that you are heterosexual. For women it is the opposite, it is assumed that you are a lesbian.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2009). The sport/media complex in Norwegian football. Soccer and Society. ISSN 1466-0970. 10(03.apr), s. 438–458. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Norwegian elite football, the 'sport/media complex' and gender are put in focus in this essay. The results from my resent research, which shows the complexity of elite football in relation to professionalism, commercialization and the media is discussed. Observations were made in national and international championships, preactices, meetings and matches in three elite football clubs, plus interviews with 22 players (11 of each sex) and eight coaches. Bourdieu's field theory was applied, and I show how the field of sport, the sub-field of football and the sub-field of elite football are llinked to each other, and how these fields realte to those of the media and the markete. increased commercialization and enourmous media attention in elite football are positive for the sport but at the same time challenge traditional values in Norwegian sport. A great many conflicts arise from the incorporation of football and from the dichotomy between football and business.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2008). African footballers in Europe, Social and cultural diversity in a sporting world / edited by Chris Hallinan and Steven Jackson. JAI Press Ltd. s. 33–50. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2007). The Historical Development of Women's Football in Norway: From 'Show games' to international successes Den historiske utviklingen av kvinnefotballen i Norge: Fra 'show-kamper' til internasjonale suksesser, 'Women, Football and Europe. Histories, Equity and Experiences. Meyer & Meyer Sport. s. 41–54. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The development of women's football in Norway is quite similar to the development in many other countries. It started with 'show matches' for charity and to attract spectators on different events, continued with ban of women's football and struggle for integration in the Norwegian FA (NFA), increased interest and inclusion in the NFA, and ended up with the organised sport with most female participants and a lot of international victories in championships. The problems around segregation or integration in the national FA were however more important in England and other countries except the Nordic countries. Women's path into Norwegian football can simplified split in three phases: 1.'Show matches' and curiosity on party days until the end of 1960s. 2.Struggle for acceptance and inclusion in the NFA, the first gold medal from the end of 1960s and beginning of 1970s until 1988. 3.International medals, increase in numbers of players, professional matches for somebody, but still 'weak' club organisations from 1988 until today. The chapter is the first international publication of my Ph.D.-project 'Elite Football - a Field of Changes'. I have done observations in international championships, observations of practices, meetings, and matches in three elite football clubs, plus interviews with 22 players (11 men and 11 women) and eight coaches (4 in women`s and 4 in men`s football). ootball has through history been the largest sport for men in Norway. Today football is the largest organised female sport.

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• Janson, Adolfina; Skogvang, Bente Ovedie; Branz, Juan; Arimoto, Takeshi & Santino, Monica (2022). Hitos en el desarrollo del fútbol femenino en Noruega / Highlights of the development of women’s soccer in Norway. Aurelia Rivera Libros. ISBN 9789871294930. 132 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Debido a mi enorme experiencia en el fútbol como jugadora, como técnica, como árbitro y como líder y miembro del directorio ejecutivo de la Asociación Noruega de Fútbol (NFA), suelo definirme como una académica profesional. Mis amigas y yo iniciamos un equipo de fútbol femenino en mi pueblo natal de Manndalen (Norte de Noruega /Sàpmi) allá por 1978 , y durante varios años combiné el ser jugadora con el ser árbitro, y continué entrenando a jóvenes jugadoras (de entre 8 a 16 años) posteriormente. Como líder de la NFA, participé como miembro del directorio ejecutivo, de la junta electoral, el comité de árbitros, el comité legal, y actualmente (2022) soy miembro de la Junta de Apelaciones para la licencia de clubes. Comencé a arbitrar en 1980, me convertí en árbitro de FIFA en 1995 (la primera lista con mujeres), interrumpí este trabajo en 2007. Fui árbitro en la Copa del Mundo de Suecia 1995, en la WEURO UEFA de Alemania del jugar por jugar a jugar en serio 2001, en la pre-copa mundial en China, 2003, y fui el principal árbitro de la primera final de Juegos Olímpicos en la historia entre EEUU y China en Atlanta 1996. Actualmente, participo como árbitro observador para UEFA y FIFA. Esta participación variada dentro del fútbol en Noruega y a nivel internacional me brindó muchas experiencias incluyendo el estímulo para realizar investigación académica sobre fútbol. Mi tesis doctoral, Fútbol de élites, un campo para cambios (Skogvang, 2006) se enfocó en varias áreas en el fútbol noruego de élite. Las actitudes y los valores de los jugadores y de las jugadoras se analizaron según: diferencias de género, valores importantes para jugadores y jugadoras, para directores técnicos y autoridades del equipo; y las actitudes en relación al fútbol jugado por hombres y por mujeres. La profesionalización y la comercialización en el fútbol de élite y el rol de los medios en este proceso también fue un área en la que me enfoqué. El último tema vinculado con las condiciones variables que afectan la participación de jugadores y jugadoras en el deporte, la calidad de los técnicos, las condiciones de entrenamiento y los espacios para jugar, salarios, trabajo voluntario, y apoyo con equipamiento. La investigación a partir del trabajo de campo llevada a cabo en los clubes de fútbol de élite de hombres y mujeres y los primeros datos de investigación del álbum de recortes recibido de “La madre del fútbol femenino en Noruega” (Skogvang, 2019), el proyecto El fútbol femenino escandinavo se vuelve global (Aagergaard, Skogvang, Andersson & Carlsson, 2013), los documentos sobre estrategia y los reportes anuales de la NFA (2008-2022), y entrevistas a fondo con jugadoras, 48 | la profes ional ización en el fútbol femenino personal técnico, árbitros y líderes dentro del fútbol femenino en 2020-2021 (n=16) incluido todo en este capítulo.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie; Peiterson, Birger & Stanley, Karen (2014). SOCCER ESSENTIALS. Total Health Publications. ISBN 9781502788054. 94 s. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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• Burner, Tony; Askevold, Gjert Anders; Skogvang, Bente Ovedie & Munkvold, Robin Isfold (2026). Partssamarbeidet når fler­campus­modellen er under press. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Dette er de tillitsvalgte i VINST-alliansens krav for framtida.

• Andersen, Iben N.; Aune, Lisbeth; Bjørndal, Christian Thue; Brakstad, Ragnhild Ekren; Bræin, Kirsti & Dahl, Ellen Karoline Krane [Vis alle 15 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Bedre for deg, bedre for kunnskaps­samfunnet. doi: https:/www.khrono.no/bedre-for-deg-bedre-for-kunnskapssamfunnet/1044804. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Forskerforbundets lønnspolitikk og tariffavtale verdsetter kompetanse, både for den enkelte og for samfunnet, skriver 15 tillitsvalgte i Forskerforbundet i et svar til NTL.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2024). Hvordan kan en samisk festival bli en læringsarena for økt kulturell bevissthet blant samiske barn og unge? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2024). Hvor langt er vi kommet i likestillingen i fotball? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2024). Hvordan kan en festival berike en region og bidra til økt kulturell bevissthet blant barn og unge? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2024). Lihkku beivvin! - Gratulerer med samenes nasjonaldag! [Internet]. https://youtu.be/1n8VOW9avvM?si=KMJo9--DRKlqq7Bh . Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2024). Physical activities, outdoor life, and duodji at Sàmi /indigenous festivals in decolonizing processes. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Burner, Tony & Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2024). Mangfold omfatter mer enn kjønn. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2024). Outdoor winter activities and sport events. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2023). Development and challenges in women’s elite football in Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2023). Sàmi and indigenous festivals’ influence on the local community. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2023). Homo-negativity exist both in men’s and women’s football in Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2023). How a football players’ bodily practice ’decides’ their sexuality. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2023). Kvinnefotball – hvor langt har vi kommet i likestillingen? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2022). Outdoor winter activities and events – manifold, new opportunities and building of knowledge. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2022). Winter sports in Norway - Organization of sports. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2022). Physical education in Norwegian schools. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2022). Episode 39: Idrett og seksuell orientering. [Radio]. NIH-podden Kunnskap i bevegelse. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie & Massao, Prisca Bruno (2022). Decolonization through children and youth activities at indigenous festivals as Riddu Riđđu - indigenous paradigm and methodology. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This paper focuses on how outdoor activities for children and youth at Sàmi/indigenous festivals like Riddu Riđđu in North Norway might contribute to the development of a holistic intersectional cultural understanding and decolonization processes. We are highlighting how indigenous paradigm and methodology show how gender, age, and ethnic identity (Sàmi, indigenous) are expressed through various activities offered at the Mánáidfestivála (children's festival). The aim of the Mánáidfestivála is to increase the knowledge about institutional importance of indigenous peoples' festivals both for Sàpmi and for the majority communities in large. Sàmi and other indigenous festivals have been crucial in the revitalization of indigenous cultures, and here the various activities for children and young people are of great importance. The paper applies indigenous paradigm and indigenous methodology (Koukkanen, 2000; Smith, 2010). Methods used are a long-term fieldwork in the period 2009-2019, including data from documents, field conversations, observation notes, and 42 in-depth interviews. The indigenous festivals, i.e. Riddu Riđđu proves to be an important arena for highlighting and revitalizing Sàmi and indigenous cultures (Viken, 2013), and solidarity is expressed holistic and through partnership (Skogvang 2020) where gender, age, ethnicity, and nationality are intertwined.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2022). Nordic Football – development, equality, and sustainability. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This keynote speech addresses the development of football in the Nordic countries with focus on equality and sustainability which are crucial for the sport. I use my own story as academic practitioner with huge experience from football in different roles and at all levels to address contemporary issues in football culture. My experiences as practitioner are from being a player, coach, leader and referee, i.e. starting a female team in my home village Manndalen in Northern Norway (Sapmi) in 1978, player at the second level in Norway, coach for girls and boys from 8 to 16 year old, 1st employer in the interest organization for women’s football ‘Serieforeningen for kvinnefotball’ (today Toppfotball, women), member of the executive board in Norwegian football association (NFA), legal committee, referee committee, and international referee at the first FIFA list with being the referee of the first women’s Olympic final in Atlanta 1996. In the academic field my doctoral thesis from Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; 'Elite football - a field of changes' (‘Toppfotball – et felt i forandring’), focused on football, gender, professionalization, commercialization and media within men’s and women’s elite football in Norway. My work as researcher also includes the following larger projects within football: Women’s football in USA, Sweden & Norway, Women in Sport in Spain, England, Germany & Norway, and international NORCORP project, ‘Scandinavian women’s football goes global’, and the on-going project at the moment is to write the history of women’s football in Norway. In the keynote I present parts of history, especially how Nordic countries i.e. Finland, Norway, and Sweden, played a crucial role in the 1980’s at international tournaments in China, which led the path to the first world cup and the first Olympics in women’s football. Nordic teams took part in these tournaments, and the Norwegian executive Board member, Ellen Wille was the first female speaker at the FIFA congress in Mexico city in 1986 asking for a world cup in women’s football as well as inclusion of women’s football in the Olympic programme. Today, there are professional options both for men and women in the Nordic countries, and in 2022 England will host UEFA Women’s EURO this summer. The path to professionalization of the sport is addressed from a practitioner and researcher standpoint.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2022). Women's football in the Nordic countries and Europe, Interview by YLE-TV in Finland before the match Spain-Finland in WEURO2022. [TV]. YLE1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2022). "Kvinnefotballens historie i Norge og Europa" i EM-studio, NRK1-TV før åpningskampen mellom England - Østerrike i WEURO2022. [TV]. NRK1. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Hjelseth, Arve; Skogvang, Bente Ovedie; Telseth, Frode & Augestad, Pål (2022). Norway: Exclusion, inclusion and modernisation in football. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2022). Formidling av kvensk og samisk kultur. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2022). Women’s football in Norway – between the local and the global for a sustainable future. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The earlier years of huge resistance and discrimination has neither stopped women in football playing nor coaching, leading, nor refereeing. The development of women’s football in Norway has been substantial with women’s national team successes in European championships, World Cups, and the Olympics. Still the sport struggles with acceptance, inclusion and support at club level. The last few years some female elite teams have emerged into male premier league clubs also in Norway, some of them successfully, and others not. Norwegian key players as Ada Hegerberg are breaking barriers internationally as the first women winning the Ballon d'Or, and several Norwegian players are playing in professional leagues abroad. Here, I address how women’s football must act between the local (conditions in club and in Norway) and the global (internationally) to build a sustainable sport for the future.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2022). Book review Rob Goldman (2021) ‘The Sisterhood: The 99ers and the Rise of U.S. Women’s Soccer.’ https://idrottsforum.org/skoben_goldman220412/. Idrottsforum.org - Nordic Sport Studies Forum. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2022). Nordic influences in shaping of international football tournaments for women. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Objectives: Focus in research and history mainly has been put on men’s football, and there still are hidden histories of women’s football. This paper focuses on how Nordic actors in tournaments in China have influenced the global extensiveness of women’s football. Methods: Qualitative in-depth interviews carried out with early professionals and leaders involved in women’s football. Scrapbooks from pioneers with media coverage, correspondence, and tournament programs from the 1960s to 2000s are studied. Academic literature and sport media are secondary sources. Findings and discussion: Women’s football became a symbol of large importance of the gender equality movement during the 1960s and 1970s, and initiatives from clubs in Scandinavia, and participation in tournaments in Asia led the path to world cup for female footballers. I address how invitational tournaments in China (1978-1991) widened the path to the first FIFA Women’s World Cup through presenting data from the tournaments including the first FIFA organized world cup in 1991. Conclusion: The tournaments held on Taiwan in Taipei, Taichung, and Kaohsiung in 1978, 1981 and 1988 opened the doors for organizing Women’s World Cup by FIFA. Female pioneers as Ellen Wille from Norway, the first female to enter the table for speakers at the FIFA Annual Congress in 1986, suggested a World Cup in football for women and inclusion of women’s football in the Olympic programme. World Cup established in 1991 and inclusion in the Olympic Games in 1996. To decrease the gap of knowledge about history might influence the future of football.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2022). Skriver historien om norsk kvinnefotball / Writing women’s football history in Norway. [Internet]. Forskning.no. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Buseth, Jill Tove; Greek, Martine; Skogvang, Bente Ovedie; Tavares, Vander & Kowasch, Matthias (2022). Indigenous people and the State: international perspectives on power struggles and relationships between Indigenous people and the State. Panel discussion. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2022). ‘The Samis and the State’ at Indigenous people and the State: international perspectives on power struggles and relationships between Indigenous people and the State. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2021). En kystsames møte med norsk friluftsliv - Forstå problematikker rundt diskriminering/strukturell rasisme innenfor friluftsliv som praksis og akademisk fagfelt. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2021). Sjøsamen Bente er den eneste nordmannen som har dømt en OL-finale i fotball. Selv har hun vist ut spillere for samehets. [Radio]. NRK - P2 og Tett På! podcast med Svein Lian. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2021). Book review av Tony Collins (2019) ‘How Football Began: A Global History of How the World’s Football Codes Were Born’: Well-written, comprehensible, and comprehensive study of football’s early history https://idrottsforum.org/skoben_collins210312/. Idrottsforum.org - Nordic Sport Studies Forum. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Somby, Hege Merete & Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2021). Samiske perspektiver og akademia. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2021). Riddu Riđđu - Festivalforskning samiske festivaler. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2020). Organizing sport events – Sami festivals as sport event. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2019). Sami sports and outdoor life at festivals – sustainability for the future? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The Sámi have lived in the Nordic and Kola Peninsula, as far back as can be traced, and long before the nation states were established. They are an indigenous people and ethnic minority in Finland, Norway, Russia and Sweden, with their own settlement areas, language, culture and history. They have been associated with a particular way of living, which is closely connected to their work, and includes reindeer husbandry, agriculture, fishing, herding, harvesting, and hunting for food supplies. Longitudinal fieldwork using participant observation and in-depth interviews over a ten years period (2009-2018) at the Riddu Riđđu festival, along with in-depth interviews at seven other Sami festivals carried out. Through forty-two in-depth interviews, participant observations and document analysis, I contemplated how sports, physical and outdoor activities included in the festival create indigenous people’s identities and cultural understanding. Sámi and other indigenous sports and outdoor life are crucial parts of the festivals, especially at the Children’s Festival/Mánáidfestivála. To participate at indigenous and Sámi festivals is experienced as empowering and create poly cultural people with knowledge of both minorities and majority population, which is increasingly important and useful in a changing world. The activities represent different indigenous sports and outdoor activities and seem to create sustainable ties between persons, networks and organizations and to build identities and bridges between participants. Taking part in festival activities claimed to be crucial symbolic capital, or poly cultural capital, in expressing indigeneity or in the creation of sustainable societies by participants, staff and volunteers at the festivals.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2019). Education at festivals - a tool for alternative future for indigenous people. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The focus of this paper is how education through physical and outdoor activities offered to children and youth at indigenous festivals influence young people. Longitudinal fieldwork using participant observation and in-depth interviews over a ten-year period at the Riddu Riđđu festival, along with in-depth interviews at seven other Sámi festivals was carried out. With field-notes from conversations and participant observations, document analysis, and 45 in-depth interviews, I contemplated how sports and physical activities included in the festival create indigenous people’s identities and cultural understanding. Participants may celebrate together with other indigenous peoples, and at the same time many Norwegians and other non-indigenous peoples who are part of the mainstream culture also participate. The results indicate that participants often draw upon the richness of different cultures, while rejecting the negative aspects they perceive within other cultures. Children, youth, parents, artists and other participants emphasised that in participating in indigenous festivals they seek to be educated in both indigenous capital from different indigenous peoples and capital from mainstream culture. They argue that such experiences are empowering and create poly cultural people with knowledge of both minorities and the majority population, which is increasingly important and useful in a changing world. Indigenous forms of capital, as well as capital sourced to dominant social spaces, puts participants in a stronger position to dip in and out, to react to cultural cues, and to respond strategically to what will suit different cultural contexts. Participants increasingly have to interact within new contexts, which might lead to changes in their habitus, providing spaces for new thoughts, creativity and multiple identities.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2019). Sports and Winter Sports in Norway – History, policy and organization. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2019). Sami sports and Outdoor life in Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2018). Sami and Indigenous festivals in Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Sami festivals in Norway are leading spaces of innovation in creation of sustainable, secure and mature national culture for all participants based on cross-cultural recognition, respect, exchange and creativity. Through a longitudinal fieldwork with participant observation and in-depth interviews during a nine years period (2009-2017) at the indigenous festival Riddu Riđđu and eight other Sami festivals, activities offered to children and youth are studied. In-depth interviews carried out with 15 persons in the governing bodies of Sami festivals, 22 participants, and 9 key informants among the villagers. The web sites, official statistics and documents from all festivals are studied. In this paper, I present nine Sámi festivals in Norway, which take place at the circumpolar area of Norway. I contemplated how sports and physical activities included in the festivals create the indigenous people’s identities and culture understanding across borders. The focus is on how the older generation of indigenous peoples influence in the socialization through outdoor life and physical activity. At the festivals, participants share activities and celebrations and bond to the event and the places where the festival is situated, and through that they are equipped with poly cultural capital (Mila-Schaaf and Robinson 2010). People from different worlds meet, and might draw the richness from the different cultures, and reject the negative bits that are in the different cultures.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2018). Sami sports and outdoor life at Sami festivals in Norway – Empowerment and discrimination. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Through a longitudinal fieldwork with participant observation and in-depth interviews during a nine years period (2009-2017), nine Sami festivals in Norway are studied. Activities offered to children and youth have been in focus, and in-depth interviews carried out with 15 persons in the governing bodies, 22 participants, and 9 key informants among the villagers. The web sites, official statistics and documents from all festivals are also studied. The study mainly focus on activities offered to children and youth at the festivals, and how the older generation of indigenous peoples are helping out in the socialization through sport, outdoor life, handcraft and cultural activities. At the festivals, indigenous people from different part of the world meet. Participants share activities and celebrations and bond to the event and the places where the festival is situated, and through that they are equipped with poly cultural capital (Mila-Schaaf and Robinson 2010). To have Sami and/or indigenous cultural capital as well as capital sourced to dominant social spaces, assists in realizing cumulative advantage and may be associated with improved education outcomes. The study show that indigenous peoples might draw the richness from the different cultures, and reject the negative bits that are in the different cultures. The informants experience the festivals as empowering, at the same time as they in society in large experience discrimination. At these festivals, the indigenous peoples might be proud of their culture, show their indigenous-ness and meet indigenous people from other parts of the world in the same situation.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2018). Refleksjoner om friluftsliv og naturliv blant samer og nordmenn i besteforeldregenerasjonen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2018). Football in Norway - Empowerment and discrimination. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2018). Football history in Norway - commercialization, professionalization and media coverage. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2018). Scandinavian women's football: the importance of male and female pioneers in the development of the sport. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2018). Festivaler og levendegjøring og omskaping av samisk naturbruk og naturforståelser. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2018). Festivaler i Norge med samisk innhold - identitetsdannelse og brobygging mellom urfolk. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2018). Sport and football in Norway - History, policy and organization. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2018). Empowerment and poly cultural capital for indigenous peoples from Taiwan and Norway at the Riddu Riđđu festival. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The indigenous festival Riddu Riđđu is organised in Northern Norway every year. The festival seems to spread the interest and visibility of indigenous people’s sports and outdoor life activities all over the world. In 2016 indigenous peoples from Taiwan was “the Northern people of the year” at this festival in Manndalen in Norway (Sapmi). A longitudinal fieldwork carried out in an eight years period (2009-2018), with 40 in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. The study shows that Sami and indigenous sports and outdoor life are crucial parts of Riddu Riđđu. As other festivals, it seems to build identities and bridges between participants and give the participants a sense of belonging. In contrast, indigenous people all over the world still have to fight for their identities and rights in their everyday life. To be indigenous in Norway and Taiwan is far from clear-cut, and new ways of belonging to Taiwan and Norway as modern nations and modern societies equip indigenous people with poly cultural capital which is helpful in todays’ society. Participation at Riddu Riđđu experienced as empowering for indigenous people from Taiwan and Norway. As a participant at the Riddu festival, you meet people from different worlds. In 2016, the Sami at Riddu celebrated together with “the Northern people of the year” from Taiwan, represented by Ayatal, Paiwan and Amis. At the same time a lot of Norwegians and other non-indigenous peoples, the mainstream culture took part in the festival. Participants might draw the richness from the different cultures, and reject the negative bits that are in the different cultures. As Mila-Schaaf and Robinson (2010) argues, the term poly cultural captures cross-cultural interrelationship, overlap, fluidity and shared spaces, rather than reified multi-cultural differences. The informants underline that to take part in the festival together with other people with similar backgrounds is empowering and suit the people with poly cultural capital, which is an advantage in todays’ society. Children, youth, parents and other participants underline the same statement: To take part in this festival educate them in both indigenous capital from different indigenous peoples and capital from the mainstream culture. They explain that such experiences make them empowered and create poly cultural people or “indigenous hearts” with knowledge of both minorities and the major population, which is useful in a changing world.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie & Trollvik, Karoline Sofie Tveitnes (2017). Poly cultural capital - indigenous peoples from Taiwan and Norway at the Riddu festival. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The indigenous festival Riddu Riđđu seems to spread the interest and visibility of indigenous people’s sports and outdoor life activities all over the world, and in 2016 indigenous peoples from Taiwan was “the Northern people of the year” at this festival in Manndalen in Norway (Sapmi). A longitudinal fieldwork carried out in an eight years period (2009-2016), with 40 in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. Sami and indigenous sports and outdoor life are crucial parts of Riddu Riđđu, which seems to build identities and bridges between participants and give the participants a sense of belonging. In contrast, indigenous people all over the world still have to fight for their identities and rights in their everyday life. To be indigenous in Norway and Taiwan is far from clear-cut, and new ways of belonging to Taiwan and Norway as modern nations and modern societies equip indigenous people with poly cultural capital which is helpful in todays’ society. Participation at Riddu Riđđu experienced as empowering. When indigenous people with similar backgrounds share activities during the festival, it suits them with polycultural capital, which they experience as an advantage in todays’ society. The children, youth, parents and other participants underline the same statement: To take part in this festival educate them in both indigenous capital from different indigenous peoples and capital from the mainstream culture. They explain that it make them empowered and create polycultural people or “indigenous hearts” with knowledge of both minorities and the major population which is useful in a changing world.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2017). Sámi and indigenous festivals; sporting activities, poly cultural bonding across cultures. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Research show that festivals as phenomenon have qualities, which might contribute in shaping of identities and cultural lifts in communities. This is also visible at Sami festivals in Norway, where the festivals are leading spaces of innovation in creating a sustainable, secure and mature national culture for all participants based on cross-cultural recognition, respect, exchange and creativity. Through a longitudinal fieldwork with participant observation and in-depth interviews during an eight years period (2009-2016) at the indigenous festival Riddu Riđđu, I have studied activities offered to children and youngsters. In addition to the observation, in-depth interviews carried out with 22 participants; 7 persons in the governing bodies of the festival; and 9 key informants among the villagers. Festival organizers from 8 other Sámi festivals are also interviewed, and the web sites, official statistics and documents from all festivals are studied. Parents and grandparents taking part in the festival are interviewed; alone or in groups together with their child or their children. In this paper, I present nine Sámi festivals in Norway. All festivals take place at the circumpolar area of Norway. I contemplated how sports and physical activities included in the festivals create the indigenous people’s identities and culture understanding across borders. The study mainly focus on activities offered to children and youth, and how the older generation of indigenous peoples are helping out in the socialization through sporting activities, handcraft and cultural activities. Some of them are social events and arenas and represent a social institution dating back to ancient times. Some are used in a revitalization process where young people try to bring back their foremothers’, and forefathers’ culture in a modern society. At the Sámi festivals in Norway, the participants are sharing activities and celebrations and bonding to the event and the places where the festival is situated. They meet people from different worlds, and might draw the richness from the different cultures, and reject the negative bits that are in the different cultures. As Mila-Schaaf and Robinson (2010) argues, the term poly cultural captures cross-cultural interrelationship, overlap, fluidity and shared spaces, rather than reified multi-cultural differences.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2017). Sami Sport and outdoor life - identities and building of bridges at the indigenous festival Riddu Riddu. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2017). Sport in Norway - History, policy and organization. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2017). Empowerment and discrimination within elite football in Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The purpose of this paper is to discuss gender, empowerment and discrimination within elite football in Norway. I will try to answer the research question: 'How and why do elite players of both genders experience both empowerment and discrimination within elite football in Norway?' This is a part of the project `Elite Football – a Field of Changes´, where I have done observations in international championships, observations of practices, meetings, and matches in three elite football clubs through a year, plus interviews with 22 players (11 of each sex) and eight coaches in women's and men's football. Both women’s and men’s football have developed significantly during the last 25 years, and Norway is one of the leading nations in terms of international successes in women’s football. One crucial part of this is the ‘Norwegian Model’ of development programme, where girls and boys follow the same model and practice together. In the study many similarities were found in the conditions of the men and the women: They experience the game itself as joyful and exiting because of the tough tackles, the team spirit and the joy of victory, and the social network and the friendships are also mentioned as crucial. However, there are big gender differences in the development of football: finances available, commercialisation, media attention, and sexuality. Male football gets more attention and better finances than female football. Media attention brings finances into the club and makes it possible to develop the game. Men and women say that it gives status for both genders to play elite football in Norway, and both male and female players experience that they both get empowered and discriminated within the field of elite football. However, even though much progress has been made, particular problems regarding the women’s game – globally as well as locally – concern the difficulties of attracting sponsors and media interest. I also found that women’s sexuality is questioned when they play football. At the same time it is easier to be a lesbian inside some football clubs, but more difficult for men to be gays inside elite football. A conclusion is that the heteronormativity is weakened for lesbians, but not for gays. Bourdieu’s field theory with elite football as a sub-field was employed in this study. Another conclusion is that, it is 'doxic' and taken for granted both inside and outside the field of football that men's football is better than women's football, that gay men do not exist inside elite football, and some men do still have 'the symbolic power' within the field of football, even if it is the largest organised sport for both women and men in Norway.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie & Jakobsen, Jon Egil (2017). Samer og nordmenns oppfatninger av naturliv og friluftsliv. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2017). Kvinnefotballens historie i Norge og internasjonalt. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2016). Samiske festivaler i Norge. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2016). Festivaler med samisk innhold. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2016). ‘Empowering Women in Sports – Hurdles and the Way Forward’. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2016). Indigenous and Sami Nature life – Outdoor activities across the globe? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  ‘Friluftsliv’ – loosely translated to ‘outdoor life’- has been described as a deeply embedded aspect of Norwegian culture. The concept is reflected in a number of different activities and pastimes, many of which have long history in Norway and are associated with some of the earliest settlements and ways of life of indigenous people. Friluftsliv for the Sami’s; the indigenous people of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia, has been associated with their way of living, which was closely connected to their work, for example involving reindeer herding, harvesting, hunting and fishing to get food to live from. Over time however, the activities that have come to be associated with outdoor life have expanded to include aesthetic, adventurous and outdoor sports, a trend that has been associated with urban areas which is particularly prevalent among the middle and upper classes. The activities at the indigenous festival Riddu Riđđu is studied through fieldwork, with 38 in-depth interviews and observation in a seven years period (2009-2015). Sami and indigenous sports and outdoor life are a crucial part of Riddu Riđđu, which build identities and bridges between participants. In contrast, indigenous people all over the world still have to fight for their identities and rights in their everyday life. Such a festival seems to be ‘the every-year carrot to be oneself together with others who are similar from all over the world’. In addition, the festival seems to spread the interest and visibility of indigenous people’s sports and outdoor life activities all over the world.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2016). «Poly-kulturell kapital gjennom samisk, norsk og internasjonalt friluftsliv på Riddu Riđđu festivalen». Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Riddu Riđđu arrangeres hvert år i Manndalen/Olmaivahkki i Kåfjord kommune/Gaivuotna sohkan i Nord-Troms. Ulike kulturuttrykk fra den samiske befolkningen og andre urfolk og minoriteter fra hele verden presenteres på denne festivalen. Friluftsliv blant samer, et urfolk i Norge, Sverige, Finland og Russland, har vært assosiert med deres levemåte, og har vært nært tilknyttet deres arbeid, for eksempel reindrift, jakt, høsting, fangst og fiske for matauk. Bakgrunn for studien er å studere samer og andre urfolks fysiske aktiviteter og aktiviteter ute i naturen. På denne festivalen deltar urfolk fra hele verden, og hvert år settes hovedfokus på en folkegruppe, såkalt «årets nordlige folk». Denne festivalen presenterer urfolk fra hele verden sine kulturelle aktiviteter, bevegelsesaktiviteter, språk og tradisjoner og er en relevant arena for min studie. Gjennom et longitudinelt studie med feltarbeid med 38 dybdeintervjuer, dokumentanalyse og observasjoner på festivalen i perioden 2009-2016, har jeg studert hvordan bevegelsesaktiviteter som friluftsliv bidrar i identitetsbygging og kulturforståelse. Riddu Riđđu vektlegger friluftsliv som en viktig aktivitet for barn og unge, og festivalens aktiviteter kan skape grobunn og være tilrettelegger for en identitetsutvikling som ivaretar utendørsliv og urfolkstradisjoner i naturen. Alle bevegelsesaktivitetene foregår utendørs og har gått fra å være «tradisjonelt samiske» med inspirasjoner fra ulike gjestefolk, til fleksibelt å åpne opp for interessante nyskapninger/«cross-overs». En slik urfolksfestival er ifølge informantene «den årlige gulrota der en kan være seg selv sammen med andre urfolk fra hele verden.» Det kan også tyde på at denne festivalen sprer interesse og synlighet av urfolks bevegelsesaktiviteter og friluftsliv rundt i verden. Bourdieu’s (1995, 1996) begreper habitus og kapital og Mila-Schaaf and Robinson (2010) ‘polycultural’ kapital er brukt som teoretisk utgangspunkt og analyseverktøy.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2016). Empowerment for indigenous people through outdoor life at the Riddu festival. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The cultures of Sami people and indigenous peoples from all over the world are expressed at the indigenous festival Riddu Riđđu every year in July. The festival is organized in Northern Norway in the village Olmaivahkki/Manndalen. Through its 25 years existence it has grown to become one of the most significant international indigenous festivals in Europe.This region is a multi-ethnic area with Samis, Kvens and Norwegians and also immigrants from other ethnic groups. Fieldwork with participant observation and in-depth interviews was carried out from 2009 to 2015. The study shows that sport and physical activity are crucial parts of Riddu Riđđu’s Children’s festival/Mánáidfestivála (3-13 years), especially nature life. The activities are family friendly and have origins locally, nationally and globally, and all the activities take place outdoors independent of weather conditions. The community is influenced by ethnicities across the world; and it seems to create sustained ties of persons, networks and organizations. These ‘hybrids’ or ‘cross-overs’ are stated as crucial symbolic capital in expressing indigeneity or in the creation of “indigenous hearts” by participants, staff and volunteers at the festival. The informants also state that to take part in the festival is empowering. Both men and women, young and old, who belong to different indigenous people, experience the event as empowering and crucial in identity development. It is for instance remarkable that the festival through the 25 years, except for two short periods, has had female leaders only. Through a manifold of physical activities from different indigenous peoples one aim is to educate children and youth in how their forefathers and foremothers games and play can be transferred into today’s life. That the participants steady have to conduct themselves to new contexts might led to changes in their habitus which gives space for new thoughts, creativity and multiple identities.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2016). ‘Historiske trekk fra kjønnskampen i norsk og internasjonal idrett med hovedvekt på fotball’. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2015). Japan - a Pioneer Country in Women’s Football. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Facing the inequality between genders in possibilities to live as professional footballers, this study put focus on Japan as pioneer country in the professionalization of women’s football. During the 1990s players from Europe and Scandinavia went to Japan to realize their dream about being professional footballers. The players’ individual motives for playing football abroad will be highlighted. Players from Norway and Sweden who played professional in Japan between 1995 and 1999, and leaders and key informants who connected the players with Japanese football are interviewed. The findings show the importance of the Japanese sponsors and the level of professionalism and organization of the Japanese League. The good living conditions during their stay in Japan in combination with a professional development programme with very good training and playing conditions is underlined. However, their narratives suggest that the extraordinary economic gains offered by the Japanese sponsors, were in fact the main force behind the emigration to Japan. When the economic situation turned down in Japan in 1999, the players were fired and went back to Europe. Although the migratory flow to Japan did not last, it had a significant impact on the dynamics of the international migration of women footballers. Besides expanding the market to new frontiers, the professional conditions provided by the Japanese league, including much higher salaries, gave the players real professional status. In addition, the Japanese experience led to the creation of a social chain between Scandinavians and players from different countries that came to facilitate future international transfers.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2015). Women’s football – between local enthusiasm and global success. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Sport has a unique position in the Norwegian Society, due to the fact that more than one third of the population of about 5 million is involved with organized sport in some way. Sport has always been organized on a voluntary basis. According to the umbrella organization Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports (NIF), only voluntary organizations can be members of the NIF. The development of women’s football in Norway has been substantial from about 1,500 registered players in 1975 to 105,595 players today (29 % of all players); the largest organized sport for women since 1995. From the 1990s the Norwegian women’s national team has had significant success both in European Championships, World Cups and the Olympics, but still it struggle with acceptance, inclusion and support at club level. In this paper I address how women’s football has to act between the local and the global to build a sustainable sport for the future. The methods applied in the study were fieldwork and qualitative in-depth interviews. Fieldwork was conducted in Norwegian men’s and women’s football clubs, which mainly offer both elite and grass-root football. All together six clubs (3 with women’s football at elite level & 3 with men’s football at elite level) were followed closely throughout one year. Observations and informal interviews were carried out during practices, meetings and matches, and in-depth interviews were conducted with eight elite coaches; four in women’s & four in men’s football. The sample of in-depth interviews carried out with players’ consisted of 22 elite football players (11 men & 11 women) aged 19 to 35 years old. These professional footballers had a variety of skills and experiences from newcomers to well-known and skilled players playing at the Norwegian national teams for men and women. The transcribed interviews were coded with main categories and associated sub-categories and cross-analyzed in order to compare each issue across the sample. The main categories were sport carrier (beginning/future plans), positive/negative with football, everyday life in combination with football, gender, status, media coverage, economic conditions, spectators and conflicts. The number of teams for girls and women in Norway has increased to nearly 7,500 teams. The last few years some female elite teams have emerged into male premier league clubs, some of them successfully, and others not. Each team includes not only the players, coaches and team leaders, but also parents, referees, waffle makers, kit washers, and so on, and a larger club might make the work easier, and may attract more sponsors also to women’s football. The field work carried out shows that in general women footballers are strongly dependent of enthusiasts and voluntariness at local level. Local sponsors and media, family and friends are crucial for women’s football development in Norway and internationally.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2015). Sami Sports and Outdoor life – Identities and building of bridges. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The indigenous festival Riddu Riđđu is yearly organized in Northern part of Norway in the village Olmaivahkki / Manndalen. The cultures of Sami people and indigenous peoples and minority groups from all over the world are expressed at the festival, where one indigenous people are in focus each year. Through fieldwork, with participant observations and in-depth interviews, during four years (2009-2014); I contemplated how sports and physical activities included in the festival create the indigenous people’s identities and culture understanding across borders. Sport, outdoor life and physical activity are a crucial part of Riddu Riđđu’s children’s festival/ Mánáidfestivála (3-13 years), especially ‘friluftsliv’/ outdoor life, and/or nature life. All the activities take place outdoors, and the movements seem to have origins, both locally, nationally and globally. They are influenced by different ethnicities; and they seem to create sustained ties of persons, networks and organizations. These ‘hybrids’ or ‘cross-overs’ are stated as crucial symbolic capital in expressing indigeneity or in the creation of “indigenous hearts” by participants, staff and volunteers at the festival.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2015). Friluftsliv på Riddu Riđđu festivalen - samisk, norsk og internasjonalt uteliv. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Riddu Riđđu arrangeres hvert år i Manndalen/ Olmaivahkki i Kåfjord kommune/Gaivuotna sohkan i Nord-Troms. Ulike kulturuttrykk fra den samiske befolkningen og andre urfolk og minoriteter fra hele verden presenteres på denne festivalen, der en folkegruppe er i hovedfokus hvert år. Gjennom feltarbeid på festivalen i perioden 2009-2014 har jeg studert hvordan bevegelsesaktiviteter som friluftsliv bidrar i identitetsbygging og kulturforståelse. Riddu Riđđu vektlegger friluftsliv som en viktig aktivitet for barn og unge, og festivalens aktiviteter kan skape grobunn og være tilrettelegger for en identitetsutvikling som ivaretar utendørsliv. Alle bevegelsesaktivitetene foregår utendørs og har gått fra å være ”tradisjonelt samiske” med inspirasjoner fra et årlig gjestefolk, til fleksibelt å åpne opp for interessante nyskapninger og ”cross-overs”. Bourdieu’s begreper habitus og kapital er brukt som teoretisk utgangspunkt.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2014). Mixed identities in Sami Sports at the indigenous festival Riddu Riđđu. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2014). Football coaches and players’ attitudes towards football players’ sexualities in Norway. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2014). Identitet og fellesskap gjennom bevegelsesaktivitet på Riddu Riđđu. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2013). 'Indigenous hearts' through sport at the Sami Festival Riddu Riđđu. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This paper will focus on sport, outdoor life and physical activity at the Sami festival Riddu Riđđu. I will address how sport might have been implicated in the sovereignty claims of the indigenous peoples of the Norhern Cap, the Samis. The festival is organized every year in the village Manndalen in Northern Norway. I have studied outdoor life and sport activities offered to children and youngsters at the festival; Mánáidfestivála (3-13 years) and how these activities are introduced and experienced by volunteers, participants and parents. Through fieldwork during three years I contemplated how physical activities included in the festival create the indigenous people’s identities. I found a mixture between traditional and modern activities which have origins both locally, nationally and globally, influenced by different ethnicities and indigenous groups not only activities from Samis, Kvens or Norwegians. The physical activities can be classified in three groups; 1) Traditional games, 2) Work-educating activities, and 3) Sport activities. Festivals as phenomenon have qualities which might contribute in shaping of identities. Whether physical activities are shaping identity, community, cultural understanding and how the festival might build bridges between different ethnic groups locally, nationally and globally is studied in the light of Bourdieu’s theories about habitus and symbolic capital.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2012). Football Migration and Globalization - Female pioneers in Scandinavia. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2012). Outdoor life and physical activity at the Riđđu Festival – How does it create indigenous people’s identities? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2012). Fotballkapital gir både ”empowerment” og diskriminering. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2012). A Football Player’s Bodily Practice ’decides’ their Sexuality? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2012). Scandinavian female pioneers in international football. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2012). Friluftsliv for grunnskoleelever - positivt for elever, foresatte og lærere, men for kostbart for skolen? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2011). Norwegian Female Pioneers in international football. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In this paper I will focus the pioneers of Norwegian female footballers who went abroad to play professional football. Sif Kalvø from the Western part of Norway was the first known female football player who played abroad in Italy in 1971, and due to that she was one of the pioneers. Between Kalvø in the 1970’s and the early 1980’s there were none known players until two women went to play in Trollhättan in Sweden (Heidi Støre and Reidun Seth) in 1985. After then one player; Lisbeth Karlseng went to play in Modena in Italy in 1988, before a group of players like Gunn Nyborg, Linda Medalen, Heidi Støre, Tone Haugen and Hege Riise went to play in the Japanese company Nikko in 1995. To study this I interviewed the Norwegian “Mother of Women’s football”; Målfrid Kuvås before she passed away this spring, and I have also got the honour to take care of and study her large collection of paper clip books with media coverage, letters and other correspondence from that time. I will address how these contracts came through and discuss why the Norwegian female footballers went global at that time from the perspective of the Norwegian Mother of Women’s football.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2011). Play, Games, Sport and Physical Activity for Indigenous People & Beyond at the Riddu Riddu Festival. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The music and cultural festival ‘Riddu Riddu Festival’ is held every year in Manndalen in the municipality of Kåfjord far north of the Arctic Circle in Norway. The name “Riddu Riddu” roughly means “storm off the water” or “waves in movement”, and the festival celebrates the music and culture of the Sami, the indigenous people of Northern Scandinavia, and of other indigenous peoples of the world (www.riddu.no). First Riddu Riddu festival was started by young Sea-Sami people from the area in 1991, and has its 20th anniversary this year. The activities and performances at the Riddu Riddu festival can be divided in two categories; musical and cultural activities. The cultural activities encompasses the Indigenous Youth Camp, the Children’s Festival, film showings, workshops, seminars, exhibitions, drama and dance performances, games, sports and outdoor activities. In 2009 and 2010 I did fieldwork and observed the different forms of play, games and physical activities included in the Riddu Riddu Festival. Fieldwork will continue in 2011, and in this paper I will present preliminary results from my findings. I found that the festival include a great variation of physical activities, both play, traditional games and modern sports. Physical activities are especially focused on in “the waves in movement” included in the Children’s festival. Traditional activities like “Goatsuballo”, Lasso-throwing, “lafting” of houses, indigenous dances and outdoor life/friluftsliv, and modern sports and games like four-wheel driving, climbing, cycling, balance line, freesbee etc. were included the last two years. Sami, physical activities, indigenous people, Riddu Riddu Festival

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2011). Participation in play, games and physical activities for Indigenous People & Beyond at the Riddu Riddu Festival. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Manndalen in the municipality of Kåfjord far north of the Arctic Circle in Norway hosts every year the “Riddu Riddu festival”. The name “Riddu Riddu” roughly means “storm off the water,” or “waves in movement”, and the festival celebrates the music and culture of the Sami, the indigenous people of Northern Scandinavia, and of other indigenous peoples of the world (www.riddu.no). First Riddu Riddu festival was started by young Sami people from the area in 1991, and has its 20th anniversary this year. The goal for the youngsters was to revive their culture and language. The activities and performances at the Riddu Riddu festival can be divided in two categories; musical activities and cultural activities. The cultural activities, encompasses the Indigenous Youth Camp, the Children’s Festival, film showings, workshops, seminars, exhibitions, dance performances, games, sports and outdoor activities. In 2009 and 2010 I did fieldwork and studied the different forms of play, games and physical activities included in the Riddu Riddu Festival, and in July 2011 the fieldwork will continue. I found that the young Sami people who started the Riddu Festival have done a great deal to restore pride in their ancestral culture and they have created a unique opportunity for exchanges between different indigenous people and minority groups. In this paper I will present preliminary results from the study. I will especially focus on the play, games and physical activities at the festival; the waves in movement.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2011). PE teacher students, PE teachers, parents and pupils in Norwegian schools - How to learn to like the nature through ‘friluftsliv’/outdoor life? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Friluftsliv – loosely translated as ’outdoor life’ – has been described as a deeply embedded aspect of Norwegian culture (Dahle, 2007, Gullestad,1990, Nedrelid, 1991). Dahle (2007:23-24) describes how friluftsliv is ‘a lifelong communal process’ which ‘has been passed on from generation to generation, and has its own rituals that must be learned.’ Gullestad (1990) states that contact with nature as part of friluftsliv is one of the most crucial cultural aspects of Norwegian society, and one which helps Norwegians define an authentic way of life. Children’s socialization and education into friluftsliv as a way of life potentially begins from an early age, informally within the family and then more formally in Kindergarden, continuing throughout compulsory schooling. In this paper I focus on how friluftsliv is experienced by pupils, parents, PE teachers in three Norwegian schools. PE teacher students from one university college which practice at these schools are also studied. The methodological approaches are manifold: Survey among PE teacher students, PE teacher student reports from friluftsliv lessons, observation at the schools and in-depth interviews with employees, parents and pupils at the schools were carried out. PE teacher students organise activities for the pupils (age 13-16) in friluftsliv like stay out overnight. They experience this as a useful tool to prepare for their future work as PE teachers, and a crucial way to teach the pupils how to like and respect the nature. Parents focus on the importance of a close co-operation between school, PE students, PE teachers in the primary school, and pupils (age 13-16) experience that to stay out in the nature in their friluftsliv lessons has both positive and negative effects in education to be conscious about the environment and to like the Norwegian nature.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2010). Outdoor life at home and at school as promotion for physical activity and public health. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Daily physical activity is seen as crucial for people?s health. In the project ?Secondary school pupils? learning and health through outdoor life? outdoor life was stated as a positive activity for school children. To teach the pupils outdoor life at school has also been argued for as an activity for health promotion. Students and employers from Hedmark University College organised activities for pupils in secondary schools in physical education via several outdoor life trips. The methodological approaches were manifold. Observations were done at the schools and at lessons in outdoor life, and in-depth interviews with faculty and staff members at two secondary schools in Norway are presently ongoing, as are the follow up in-depth interviews with pupils and parents. Outdoor life is a central part of the project, and in the present paper the views from the parents and pupils will be focused. The research so far has indicated that well-organised lessons in physical activity are mentioned as positive by both, the employers, the students, the parents and the pupils alike. The two night trips in outdoor life were especially mentioned as successful. As a conclusion the parents and pupils stated that when the cooperation between the school and the home is good the outdoor life projects were very positive. They also stated that when the information from the school is good, and when the school presents well-planned projects, even those pupils who normally are physically inactive enjoy outdoor life. The parents described how the pupils brought experiences in outdoor life back home and asked the parents to join them at similar trips. Most of the parents and pupils stated that, outdoor life can work as a promoter for daily physical activity, and help to improve public health, as well as a motivator for life-long physical activity in Norway.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2010). Female athletes as migrants in Norwegian football. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Charmaine Hooper, often called ?the black star? in Norwegian newspapers in the 1990s, was one of the ?first? foreign female football players with great success in Norway. She was born in Georgetown in Guyana, moved to Canada, and played her first international match for Canada against USA in 1986 (Norway Cup Exhibition). From 1994-1997 she played professional for teams in Norway, Italy and Japan (www.CharmaineHooper.com, 2007). However, on the Norwegian women?s national A-team there has never been a none-white player. Nasra Badalla Abdullah (Team Strømmen, and now Lillestrøm SK), who is born in Kenya, has played at the women?s Under-23 national team, and is the first black women at this level in Norway (Skogvang, 2008). She is also a front figure in the two projects; ?Kicking Aids out? and ?Give Racism Red Card?. Another profile was one of the top goal scorers in women?s Premier League in Norway in 2007; Una Obiose Kriston Nwajei. She has played for Amazon Grimstad, the club which have had much significance in forwarding the cause for women?s football in Norway (Skogvang, 2007). Nwajei is born in Nigeria and has her citizenship in Great Britain, and she has played international matches for England. Both Nasra Badalla Abdullah and Una Nwajei have been important players in the Norwegian premier league the last 10 years. In this paper I will give an overview of the status of female athletes as migrants in Norwegian women?s football.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2010). Ungdomsskoleelevers læring i naturmiljø i kroppsøving for å fremme folkehelsen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2010). What does 'Public health' mean for pupils and parents in a Norwegian school? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Focus has been put on public health, daily physical activity and nutrition for children both in Norway and in other European countries. The Norwegian Government has published research, strategies and policy documents (Departementene, 2005, Departementene 2007, Helsedepartementet 2003). Several research projects are done in this field in Norway like for instance Andersen et. al. (2004), Andersen, L. B. (2006), and Kjønniksen (2008). This paper put focus on what does ?public health? mean for pupils and parents in a Norwegian primary school. How does daily physical activity and nutrition among pupils effect public health, exemplified through the on-going project ?Daily physical activity and nutrition in primary school? in Norway (Skogvang, et.al.2008, Storberget et.al. 2008). Methods used in the research project are manifold. A survey is done among PE-students at Hedmark University College (HUC). Observations are done in PE-classes and when pupils play in the breaks. In-depth interviews are done among employers at the school, and with pupils and parents. Results show that PE-students state that daily physical activity is positive for the pupil?s future health. Also the employers at the primary school state that daily physical activity and more focus on healthy nutrition among school children are crucial for the public health. But what does the pupils and their parents themselves think about public health and physical activity? The interviewed parents and pupils represent differences in age, gender, class and ethnisity, and the preliminary results shows that all these factors influence the views on public health. The data from the observations and in-depth interviews with the parents and pupils will be presented at the congress.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2010). Inclusion and exclusion of school children in Norwegian sport and physical activity. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  In most countries, inclusive Norway, there is a clear statistical correlation between people's socioeconomic position measured, for example, by education or income and their health. The higher our education and income are, the longer and healthier we live (Helsedirektoratet 2005). As a part of this, the Norwegian Government has the aim to increase the involvement of children and youth in daily physical activity and sport (Departementene, 2005, Departementene 2007, Helsedepartementet 2003). Several research projects are done about this topic in Norway like for instance Andersen et. al. (2004), Andersen, L. B. (2006), and Kjønniksen (2008). This paper put focus on the inclusion and exclusion of Norwegian school children in sport and physical activity from parents and pupils' point of view in the project ?Daily physical activity and nutrition in primary school? in Norway (Skogvang, et.al.2008, Storberget et.al. 2008). Methods used in the research project are surveys, observations and in-depth interviews. A survey is done among PE-students at Hedmark University College (HUC). Observations are done in PE-classes and also through watching the children's physical activity when they play at school in the breaks. In-depth interviews are done among employers (PE teachers, headmaster, etc.), and among parents and pupils at the primary school. The PE students state that daily physical activity is positive for the pupil's future health and learning. Also the employers at the primary school, state that daily physical activity and more focus on healthy nutrition among school children is crucial for the public health and learning. But what does the pupils and their parents themselves think about the inclusion and exclusion in sport, and physical activity in Norway? The interviewed parents and pupils represent differences in age, gender, class and ethnisity, and the preliminary results show that all these factors influence the views on public health. Parents and pupils mean that expensive fees to sport clubs do exclude many children from sport activities. They also state that through more physical activity in the school, more children will be included in sport and physical activities. Further data from the observations and in-depth interviews with the parents and pupils will be presented at the conference.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2010). Lærer å elske naturen - Ut i skog og mark. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Denne uka er 195 elever fra 9.trinn på Hanstad barne- og ungdomsskole, Elverum ungdomsskole og 7.trinn på Søbakken barneskole ute i det flotte høstværet for å lære, oppleve og være i fysisk aktivitet. Turen er arrangert av Høgskolen i Hedmark, og sammen med 2 høgskoleansatte, 35 studenter studiet faglærer i kroppsøving, 12 grunnskolelærere og assistenter, skal elevene ut på tur for å lære å sette pris på naturen. De skal være med på friluftstur i Kynnavassdraget og på sykkel- og kanotur ved Rokosjøen. Ungdomsskoleprosjektet Prosjektet er også en del av førsteamanuensis Bente Bente Ovedie Skogvangs forskningsprosjekt «ungdomsskoleprosjektet». ? Dette er en vinn-vinn-situasjon. Studentene våre får mer praksis og enlevene får oppleve friluftsliv, sier hun. Trives i friluft Til tross for at det var minusgrader natt til onsdag, var elevene i godt humør da vår reporter Anne Næsheim dukket opp i leiren på morgen kvisten.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2010). What does 'Public health' mean for pupils and parents in a Norwegian school? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Focus has been put on public health, daily physical activity and nutrition for children both in Norway and in other European countries. The Norwegian Government has published research, strategies and policy documents (Departementene, 2005, Departementene 2007, Helsedepartementet 2003). Several research projects are done in this field in Norway like for instance Andersen et. al. (2004), Andersen, L. B. (2006), and Kjønniksen (2008). This paper put focus on what does ?public health? mean for pupils and parents in a Norwegian primary school. How does daily physical activity and nutrition among pupils effect public health, exemplified through the on-going project ?Daily physical activity and nutrition in primary school? in Norway (Skogvang, et.al.2008, Storberget et.al. 2008). Methods used in the research project are manifold. A survey is done among PE-students at Hedmark University College (HUC). Observations are done in PE-classes and when pupils play in the breaks. In-depth interviews are done among employers at the school, and with pupils and parents. Results show that PE-students state that daily physical activity is positive for the pupil?s future health. Also the employers at the primary school state that daily physical activity and more focus on healthy nutrition among school children are crucial for the public health. But what does the pupils and their parents themselves think about public health and physical activity? The interviewed parents and pupils represent differences in age, gender, class and ethnisity, and the preliminary results shows that all these factors influence the views on public health. The data from the observations and in-depth interviews with the parents and pupils will be presented at the congress.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2010). Female athletes as migrants in Norwegian football. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Charmaine Hooper, often called ?the black star? in Norwegian newspapers in the 1990s, was one of the ?first? foreign female football players with great success in Norway. She was born in Georgetown in Guyana, moved to Canada, and played her first international match for Canada against USA in 1986 (Norway Cup Exhibition). From 1994-1997 she played professional for teams in Norway, Italy and Japan (www.CharmaineHooper.com, 2007). However, on the Norwegian women?s national A-team there has never been a none-white player. Nasra Badalla Abdullah (Team Strømmen, and now Lillestrøm SK), who is born in Kenya, has played at the women?s Under-23 national team, and is the first black women at this level in Norway (Skogvang, 2008). She is also a front figure in the two projects; ?Kicking Aids out? and ?Give Racism Red Card?. Another profile was one of the top goal scorers in women?s Premier League in Norway in 2007; Una Obiose Kriston Nwajei. She has played for Amazon Grimstad, the club which have had much significance in forwarding the cause for women?s football in Norway (Skogvang, 2007). Nwajei is born in Nigeria and has her citizenship in Great Britain, and she has played international matches for England. Both Nasra Badalla Abdullah and Una Nwajei have been important players in the Norwegian premier league the last 10 years. In this paper I will give an overview of the status of female athletes as migrants in Norwegian women?s football.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2009). Public Health through Physical Activity and Healthy Nutrition in Norwegian School. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  A lot of focus has been put on public health and the need for daily physical activity and healthy nutrition for children both in Norway and in other European countries. The Norwegian Government has published research, strategies and policy documents (Departementene, 2005, Departementene 2007, Helsedepartementet 2003). Several research projects are done in this field in Norway like for instance Andersen et. al. (2004), Andersen, L. B. (2006), and Kjønniksen (2008). This poster discuss if and how daily physical activity and focus on healthy nutrition among school children effect public health, exemplified through the on-going project ?Daily physical activity and nutrition in primary school? in Norway (Skogvang, et.al.2008, Storberget et.al. 2008). Methods used in the research project are; surveys, observations and in-depth interviews. A survey is done among PE-students at Hedmark University College (HUC). Observations are done in PE-classes and also through watching the children?s physical activity when they play in the breaks. In-depth interviews are done among employers at the primary school (PE teachers, headmaster etc.), and in-depth interviews with pupils and parents are going on now. Results from the survey with the students show that PE-students state that daily physical activity is positive for the pupil?s future health. Also the employers at the primary school state that daily physical activity and more focus on healthy nutrition among school children is crucial for the public health. Data from the observations and in-depth interviews with the parents and pupils will be presented at the congress poster, but they are not analysed yet.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2009). 'Football in Norway.' The Influence of 'Drillo' on Grass Root Level Football. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Sport in Norway has been traditionally organized on a voluntary basis, and it still is, even if the professional clubs are included in the voluntary organization. According to the laws of The Norwegian Paralympic and Olympic Committee and Confederation of Sports (NIF), only voluntary organizations can be members of the NIF (www.idrett.no, 2008). Norway has a population of about 4.8 million people, and football has been, historically, the largest organized sport for men I Norway. Today football is also the largest organized female sport in our country (Skogvang 2006). I will discuss findings in the project; ?Elite football ? a field of changes? (Skogvang 2006) where I have done observations in international championships, observations of practices, meetings, and matches in three elite football clubs through a year, plus interviews with 22 elite football players (11 of each sex) and eight coaches in women?s football and men?s football. I will discuss the connection between science and practice and how elite level football can influence amateur and grass root football. Goksøyr and Olstad (2002) describe how elite football in Norway did turn from ?self-taught practitioners? to more accept for theory and science. Egil Olsen, nicknamed ?Drillo?, who was educated and employed at the Norwegian school of Sport Sciences, was a skilled football player, and is seen as ?the embodied? person for football science in Norway. In January 2009 ?Drillo? again became the manager of the Norwegian male national team. The 0-1 victory away against Germany in Drillo?s first match actualised the debate about football and science or the passion and play with the ball again.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2009). 'Football' Science or Play and Passion: Norway with or without 'Drillo'. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Football has been linked to science for a long time through that traditional sciences? like psychology, medicine, pedagogy etc. have been applied on football. To change football from play and passion to science has been seen as negative both in Norway and England, and the football practice has in general been seen as conservative and negative to theory (Larsen 2001). Publications from the conferences ?Science and Football? and Richard Giulianotti (1999) bring voices to this debate. I will bring in findings in the project; ?Elite football ? a field of changes? (Skogvang, 2006) where I have done observations in international championships, observations of practices, meetings, and matches in three elite football clubs through a year, plus interviews with 22 players (11 of each sex) and eight coaches in women?s and men?s football. The project discuss different areas within Norwegian elite football; like professionalism, the media and commercialisation, the players? experience of their own and others football practice etc. Here I will put focus on the ongoing debate in the Norwegian field (Bourdieu 1993) of football, where often a dichotomy between two poles is visual. On the one hand football is seen as play, emotions, entertainment and passion. On the other hand we have the scientific football. I will discuss this and connect it to the link between science and practice and how science can influence the football practice for women and men both at elite and grass root level. Goksøyr and Olstad (2002) describe how elite football in Norway did turn from ?self-taught practitioners? to more accept for theory and science. Egil ?Drillo? Olsen, who was educated and employed at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, was a skilled football player, and is seen as ?the embodied? person for football science in Norway. Olstad and Goksøyr (2003) call him ?the Fridjof Nansen of the 1990s?, and describe the three waves of intense discussion about how football is to be played in Norway. In January 2009 ?Drillo? again became the manager of the Norwegian male national team. The 0-1 victory away against Germany in Drillo?s first match actualised the debate about football and science or the passion and play with the ball again.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2008). Friluftsliv og dans på mellomtrinnet i grunnskolen : et studentinvolvert samarbeidsprosjekt mellom Høgskolen i Hedmark og Søbakken skole. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2008). Friluftsliv og dans på mellomtrinnet i grunnskolen : et studentinvolvert samarbeidsprosjekt mellom Høgskolen i Hedmark og Søbakken skole. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2008). Elite football players in Norway and experiences about sexuality: Lesbians are accepted, but gays do not exist. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2008). Toppfotball : et felt i forandring. Hvordan er toppidretten i Norge i forandring? Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2008). "Lesber er akseptert, men homser finnes ikke", sier topputøvere i fotball. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2008). Toppfotball : et felt i forandring. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2008). Empowerment and discrimination within elite football in Norway : Invited Paper. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Field work in women's and men's football with observations and 30 in-depth interviews has been done in three Norwegian elite football clubs. The study also included observations of elite players in international championships. Many similarities among men and women were illustrated: 1) the enjoyment of the game itself, 2) competition, and 3) togetherness with the team-mates. They experience the game itself as fun because of the tough tackles, the team spirit, the joy of victory, the social network, and, the friendship it makes. However, there are big gender differences in some areas. One finding is that female players experience that their sexuality is questioned, when they play football. The traditional stereotypes of what characterises men¿s and women¿s sports is supported by the media. When women or men challenge these stereotypes their sexuality is questioned. At the same time both players and coaches mean that it is easier to be a lesbian inside some football clubs, but more difficult for men to be gays. It is not expected that men who play football are homosexual. The heteronormativity is weakened for lesbians, but not for gays. Hegemonic masculinity and femininity are relevant concepts in the discussion.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2007). Empowerment and discrimination within elite football in Norway 'Empoverment' og diskriminering innen toppfotball i Norge'. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The paper put focus on gender and elite football in Norway. I will try to answer the research question: How and why do elite players of both sexes experience both empowerment and discrimination within elite football in Norway? Observations are done of practices, meetings, matches in three elite clubs, and in international championships, plus interviews with 22 players (11 of each sex) and eight coaches. Both men's and women's football has developed significantly the last 25 years, and Norway is one of the leading nations in terms of international success in women?s football. One crucial part of this is the 'Norwegian Model' of development programme, where girls and boys follow the same model and practice together. Many similarities among men and women were illustrated. They experience the game itself as fun because of the tough tackles, the team spirit, the joy of victory, the social network, and, the friendship it makes. However, there are big gender differences in the development of football: finances available, commercialisation, media attention, and sexuality. Men and women in Norwegian elite football feel that they both get empowered and discriminated against inside the football field. However, even though much progress has been made, particular problems that face the women's game; globally as well as locally, concern the difficulties of attracting sponsors and media interest.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2007). Trening og kosthold for fotballdommere. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2007). "Trening og kosthold for fotballdommere.". Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2007). Physical Activity and Health in Norwegian Primary School Fysisk aktivitet og helse i norsk grunnskole. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The paper will focus on the project ?Daily physical activity and diet in secondary school? in Norway. Hedmark University College (HUC) in Elverum corporate with a secondary school in realising daily physical activity among the pupils. The main focus is: - the students experience of the value of the project in preparing for their future work as teachers in physical education, - the experience of daily physical activity among the pupils and the effect on the learning milieu and health In the project students from HUC organise activities for pupils in secondary school in; out door recreation, ?playing-on-ski? (?Skileik?), dance, gymnastics, and food and health (?Mat og helse?). Methods used in the research project are; surveys, observations and in-depth interviews. A survey is done among students at Hedmark University College. Observations are done at the school, and in-depth interviews with employers at a secondary school in Norway are going on now. According to the project plan, we will follow up with in-depth interviews with students, pupils and parents at the next stage. The preliminary results show that the students experience the project as important in their preparation for their future work as PE teachers. According to the students it is important to meet the everyday life at school and take part in planning and organising of different physical activities. They do also appreciate that physical activities are included in different subjects at the secondary school. Organising of different activities in out door recreation (like stay out door overnight) is especially mentioned as positive by the students. Data from the observations and in-depth interviews with the employers at the school will be presented at the congress, but they are not analysed yet.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2007). 'Empowerment and discrimination within elite football in Norway.'. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The paper will focus on gender and elite football in Norway. I will try to answer the research question: How and why do elite players of both sexes experience both empowerment and discrimination within elite football in Norway? Observations have included practices, meetings, matches in three elite clubs and in international championships, and also interviews with 22 players (11 of each sex) and eight coaches. Both men?s and women?s football have developed significantly during the last 25 years, and Norway is one of the leading nations in terms of international success in women?s football. One crucial part of this is the ?Norwegian Model? of development programme, where girls and boys follow the same model and practice together. Many similarities were found in the conditions of the men and women. They experience the game itself as fun because of the tough tackles, the team spirit and the joy of victory; the social network and the friendships. However, there are big gender differences in the development of football: finances available, commercialisation, media attention, and sexuality. Men and women in Norwegian elite football feel that they both get empowered and discriminated against within the field of football. However, even though much progress has been made, particular problems regarding the women?s game ? globally as well as locally ? concern the difficulties of attracting sponsors and media interest.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2007). Daglig fysisk aktivitet ved Søbakken skole og betydning for læringsmiljøet og elevenes helse. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2006). Frokost-TV med fokus på media og kvinnefotball fra doktoravhandlingen "Toppfotball - et felt i forandring". Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2006). Intervju på "Kulturbeitet", NRK P2 om doktoravhandlingen "Toppfotball - et felt i forandring.". Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2006). Intervju om doktoravhandlingen "Toppfotball - et felt i forandring" kl. 15.15 på Kanal 24. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2006). Balldoktor med dyster diagnose. Milliarder sprøytes inn i norsk fotball og muliggjør bedre prestasjoner, men bare for de få. Toppdommer og førsteamanuensis avslører i sin doktoravhandling forskjellsbehandling og økonomisk doping i norsk fotball. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Doktoravhandlingen "Toppfotball - et felt i forandring" konkluderer med at toppfotballen kan være i ferd med å sage over den greina de selv sitter på at spenningen kan forsvinne i norsk toppfotball på herresiden dersom utviklingen fortsetter. Ulikhetene i blant annet fordelingen av milliardinntektene fra salg av medierettigheter kan skade fotballen på sikt. Klubber med stor publikumsinteresse, omfattende mediedekning og god klubbøkonomi får de største bitene av kaka. Gapet mellom de beste og nestbeste øker. Skogvang kaller det økonomisk doping. Utviklingen kan medføre at økonomi alene kan avgjøre fotballkamper gjennom symbioseforholdet mellom toppfotballen på herresiden, media og næringslivet. The Ph.D thesis 'Elite football - a Field of Changes' concludes that the elite football in Norway can end up in destroying their own sport and competition and that the exitement within Norwegian male elite football can diappear if the development continue. The difference in the distribution of the billion income from the sale of TV rights can destroy football in the longer term. Clubs with big attendance, huge media coverage and good economy get the most of the benefit . The gap between the best and the average are increasing. Skogvang calls it economic doping. The development can end up in that economy alone deside the results in football matches through the symbiotic relationship between the elite football for men, the media and the sponsors.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2006). Morgengjest på NRK Hedmarks sending kl. 07.45 med fokus på doktoravhandlingen "Toppfotball - et felt i forandring". Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2006). Fotball som vitenskap: Forskerens forhold til praksisfeltet og forskningens relevans for praksis. ?. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The article discuss the concepts football, science and the relation between football and science or the science of football. First an overview of perspectives and angles in Norwegian football research is given. After that the researchers relation to the field of practice, who are "the football researcher" and metodological questions like advantages and disadvantages with close and distant relation to the football practice is described and discussed. At last I discuss the researchs' relevance for the football practice, which benefit football can have from the research and possible consequences for football in a "round dance" of reflections about football and football science/ football research.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2006). Norske toppspillere: For mye fotball på TV Nok, sier toppspillere: For mye fotball på TV. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  TV-dekning av norsk toppfotball på herresiden har økt betraktelig de siste årene. I artikkelen presenteres funn fra doktoravhandlingen: "Toppfotball - et felt i forandring", som bla. konkluderer med at selv spillere og trenere i toppen av norsk fotball syns det er for mye fotball på TV og i media. The TV coverage of Norwegian elite football for men has increased a lot the last years. In the article it is presented findings from the PhD. thesis: "Elite football - a field of changes", which for instance conclude; that even players and coaches within Norwegian elite football, think it is too much football in TV and in other medias.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2006). Mener selv de er overbetalt og bidrar lite. Mannlige toppspillere i fotball tjener for mye og gjør for lite for klubben sin. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Presentasjon av resultater fra undersøkelsen i doktoravhandlingen ved Norges idrettshøgskole: "Toppfotball - et felt i forandring". I undersøkelsen konkluderer Skogvang med at mannlige toppspillere i fotball selv uttaler at de er overbetalte og gjør for lite for klubben sin i forhold til det de har i lønn fra klubben. An article about the results from the PhD thesis at the Norwegian School of Sport Science: "Elite football - a Field of Changes". In the study Skogvang concludes that male elite players in football says that they are over-paid and that they have to do too littele for their club according to what they have in wages from the club.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2006). Einsidig fotballdebatt. Norsk fotball er betre enn menn trur. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Doktoravhandlingen "Toppfotball - et felt i forandring" viser at både trenarar og spelarar opplever eit mykje sterkare press både frå media og næringsliv enn før. Dei opplever også at det er stor skilnad mellom dei klubbane som er mest attraktive økonomisk og dei som ikkje er det. Dei beste laga har betre økonomi, betre rammevilkår, får fleire treningsleire, og spelarane blir meir eksponerte. Skogvang kallar det økonomisk doping. The Ph.D. thesis 'Elite football - a Field of Changes' shows that both coaches and players experience a much harder pressure both from the media and from the sponsors and the market than before. They experience also that it is a much larger difference between the clubs which are most attractive economic, and the clubs which are not so attractive for the sponsors. The best teams get better economy, better playing and training facilities, and full and part time playing opportunities, and their players are much more attractive for the media. Skogvang call it economic doping.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2006). Kvinnene taper i fotball Kvinnefotballen sakker akterut i den økende kommersialiseringen innen norsk toppfotball. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Doktorgradsstudien "Toppfotball - et felt i forandring" ved Norges idrettshøgskole viser at spillere og trenere i norsk toppfotball opplever både positive og negative konsekvenser av den økende kommersialiseringen av norsk toppfotball. Mer penger har ført til bedre spillefasiliteter og bedre tilrettelegging for fotballspillere på heltid, men det har også ført til et stadig større skille mellom store og små klubber. Ikke minst har kvinnefotballen vært den store taperen. Kvinnelige fotballspillere får mindre oppmerksomhet i media og er dårligere finansiert enn herrespillere. The Ph.D study: 'Elite football - a Field of Changes' at the Norwegian School of Sport Science shows that players and coaches in Norwegian elite football experience both positive and negative consequences of the increased commercialisation within Norwegian elite football. More moeny have resulted in better training and playing facilities and better full and part time playing opportunities, but also a steady increasing difference between big and small football clubs. Women's football is the big looser. Female football players get less attention from the media and are less financed than male players.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie (2006). Fysisk aktivitet og skolemåltider på mellomtrinnet i grunnskolen. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Presentasjon av prosjektet "Fysisk aktivitet hver dag på mellomtrinnet i grunnskolen" for Norges-nettverket for fysisk aktivitet. Spørreskjemaundersøkelse blant studenter ved Høgskolen i Hedmark, samt intervjuer med skoleansatte ved skole som har fysisk aktivitet hver dag som satsningsområde. Paper about the project "Physical activity every day at secondary school" for the network in physical activity in Norway. Survey among students at Hedmark University College and in-depth interviews with teachers and other empolyeers at a secondary school.

• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2019). Festivaler og levendegjøring og omskaping av samisk naturbruk og naturforståelser. Forskning i friluft, konferanserapport. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovèdie (2015). Friluftsliv på Riddu Riđđu festivalen - samisk, norsk og internasjonalt uteliv. NORSK FRILUFTSLIV. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Skogvang, Bente Ovedie; Norheim, Torgrim; Storberget, Arild & Hole, Kristin (2008). Fysisk aktivitet på mellomtrinnet i grunnskolen : et studentinvolvert samarbeidsprosjekt mellom Høgskolen i Hedmark og Søbakken skole Physical activity in primary school : a student-involving development project. Høgskolen i Hedmark. ISSN 9788276716634. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Hovedmål for prosjektet har været å involvere 2. og 3.årsstudenter i faglærerutdanningen i et fagdidaktisk utviklingsprosjekt som skal søke å gi dem best mulig grunnlag for selv å arbeide med og utvikle fagområdene dans og friluftsliv som kroppsøvingslærere i skolen. Den teoretiske og vitenskapsorienterte forankring tar utgangspunkt i aksjonslæring, praktisk teori, feltmetodisk arbeid, fagdidaktikk og implementering av skolereformer. Den metodiske tilnærming i prosjektet er mangesidig. I studentenes praktiske feltarbeid er aksjonslæring og problembasert tilnærming lagt til grunn. I undersøkelsen av prosjektets yrkesforberedende funksjon er spørreskjema i form av gruppe- og postenquete valgt. Undersøkelsen har vist at de fleste studentene mener at prosjektet har hatt positiv betydning for deres yrkesforberdelse og at det er et nyttig supplement til ordinære praksisperioder. De fleste studentene mener også at et tett samarbeid mellom høgskole og grunn-/videregående skole er nødvendig for å forberede studentene på deres framtidige yrke. Studenter som har gjennomført prosjektarbeidet i dans er gjennomgående mindre tilfredse med prosjektet som yrkesforberedelse enn studenter som har gjennomført prosjektarbeid i friluftsliv. Hovedårsaken til dette angis å være at planlegging og oppfølging fra høgskolens side har vært for dårlig i dans. Studentene mener at de gjennom prosjektet har tilegnet seg gode forutsetninger for å planlegge fysisk aktivitet for barn og unge. Samtlige studenter svarer at daglig fysisk aktivitet er viktig for barn og unges helse og læring. Vi kan derfor konkludere med at godt planlagte, praksisnære prosjektarbeider med et nært samarbeid mellom øvingsskolen, de involverte grunnskolelærere, faglærere ved høgskolen og studenter er nyttig for studentenes yrkesforberedelse og evne til å tilrettelegge for fysisk aktivitet. In order to improve final-year PE-students¿ teaching skills in out-door life and dance, they have been involved in a didactic development project. The theoretical and scientific orientation is related to action learning, practical theory, field methodology, teaching principles and implementation of national curricula. The methodical approach is manifold. Action learning and learning based on problem solving are the main teaching methods in the practical field work. When it comes to the project¿s ability to prepare PE-students for working life, a survey has been chosen. The research has shown that the majority of students feel that the project has been a useful tool when it comes to preparing them for work as physical education teachers. The majority of students also feel that this project is a useful supplement to ordinary practice in school. Close co-operation between the university college and primary/ secondary school is also necessary for preparing the students for their profession. Students who took part in the dance project are not as satisfied as the students who participated in the out-door life project. The main reason for this, they argue, is that planning and feedback from the university college teachers has not been good enough. However, the students feel that overall the project has provided them with good qualifications for planning activities for children and youths. All the students say that daily physical activity is crucial for the health and learning for children and youth. As a conclusion we can say that well-planned projects, with a close co-operation between the primary school, the students, the teachers in primary school and the university college is useful for preparing students for their work as PE-teachers.

• Storberget, Arild; Norheim, Torgrim; Skogvang, Bente Ovedie & Salsten, Cecilie Østrem (2008). Friluftsliv og dans på mellomtrinnet : et studentinvolvert samarbeidsprosjekt mellom Høgskolen i Hedmark og Søbakken skole Out-door life and dance in primary school in the academic year 2007/2008 : a student involving work of development. Høgskolen i Hedmark. ISSN 9788276716849. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Hovedmål for prosjektet har været å involvere 2. og 3. årsstudenter i faglærerutdanningen i et fagdidaktisk utviklingsprosjekt som skal søke å gi dem best mulig grunnlag for selv å arbeide med og utvikle fagområdene dans og friluftsliv som kroppsøvingslærere i skolen. Den teoretiske og vitenskapsorienterte forankring tar utgangspunkt i aksjonslæring, praktisk teori, feltmetodisk arbeid, fagdidaktikk og implementering av skolereformer. Den metodiske tilnærming i prosjektet er mangesidig. I studentenes praktiske feltarbeid er aksjonslæring og problembasert tilnærming lagt til grunn. I undersøkelsen av prosjektets yrkesforberedende funksjon, er spørreskjema og dokumentanalyse valgt. Undersøkelsen har vist at de fleste studentene mener at prosjektet har hatt positiv betydning for deres yrkesforberedelse og at det er et nyttig supplement til ordinære praksisperioder. De fleste studentene mener også at et tett samarbeid mellom høgskole og grunn-/videregående skole er nødvendig for å forberede studentene på deres framtidige yrke. Studenter som har gjennomført prosjektarbeidet i dans er dette studieåret like tilfredse med prosjektets yrkesforberedende funksjon som studenter som har gjennomført prosjektarbeid i friluftsliv. Hovedårsaken til dette angis å være at planlegging og oppfølging fra høgskolens side har vært gode både i dans og friluftsliv. Studentene mener at de gjennom prosjektet har tilegnet seg gode forutsetninger for å planlegge fysisk aktivitet for barn og unge. Samtlige studenter svarer at daglig fysisk aktivitet er viktig for barn og unges helse og læring. Vi kan derfor konkludere med at godt planlagte, praksisnære prosjektarbeider med et nært samarbeid mellom øvingsskolen, de involverte grunnskolelærere, faglærere ved høgskolen og studenter er nyttig for studentenes yrkesforberedelse og evne til å tilrettelegge for friluftsliv og dans. In order to improve final-year PE-students¿ teaching skills in outdoor life and dance, they have been involved in a didactic project of development. The theoretical and scientific orientation is related to action learning, practical theory, field methodology, teaching principals and implementation of national curriculums. The methodical approach is manifold. Action learning and learning based on problem solving are the main teaching methods in the practical field work. When it comes to the project`s ability to prepare PE-students for working life, a survey and textual analysis of student reports has been chosen. The research has shown that the majority of students feel that the project has been a useful tool when it comes to preparing them for work as teachers in physical education. The majority of students also feel that this project is a useful supply to ordinary practice in school. A good co-operation between the university college and primary/secondary school is also necessary for preparing the students for their profession. Students who took part in the dance project are this year just as pleased as the students who participated in the out-door life project. The main reason for this, they argue, is that planning and feedback from the university college teachers has been good. The students feel that the project overall has provided them with good qualifications for planning activities for children and youth. All the students say that daily physical activity is crucial for the health and learning for children and youth. As a conclusion we can say that well planned projects, with a close co-operation between the primary school, the students, the teachers in primary school and the university college is useful for preparing students for their work as PE-teachers.

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