Rosemarie van den Breemer

• Maussen, Marcel & Breemer, Rosemarie van den (2026). Mobilizing lived experience in the fight against racism: the case of the Amsterdam municipality. Ethnic and Racial Studies. ISSN 0141-9870. p. 1–21. doi: 10.1080/01419870.2026.2732208. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this article, we explore how the City of Amsterdam developed a strategy to fight exclusion within its own organization by collecting articulations of experiences of discrimination. Drawing on policy-related documentation (2019–2024) and interviews with policymakers and advisors (2024–2025), we explore how these experiences became communicable knowledge within the organization. We identified four central discursive formats that made experiences of racism and exclusion accessible to other employees and the organization. In exploring how municipal systems defined and sought to respond to knowledge claims of employees in socially disadvantaged positions, we observed that the discursive formats used to mobilize these experiences could themselves pose obstacles. Mobilizing lived experiences as communicable knowledge requires a transformation that adheres to epistemic norms and logics of inquiry, which may sit uneasily with the embodied, subjective and affective character of lived experiences.

• Demic, Sadeta; Breemer, Rosemarie Van den; Hanisch, Halvor Melbye & Lid, Inger Marie (2026). Balancing tensions between human rights principles and systemic requirements: service providers’ experiences with supported decision-making for persons with intellectual disabilities. Nordic Social Work Research. ISSN 2156-857X. doi: 10.1080/2156857x.2026.2641470. Full text in Research Archive
• Jenhaug, Line & Breemer, Rosemarie van den (2025). Rettferdighet som grunnpremiss for samskaping med pårørende. In Askheim, Ole Petter; Christensen, Karen Erika Kirsten; Jenhaug, Line & Myklebø, Sigrid (Ed.), Alle skal med? Samskaping som svar på velferdsstatens utfordringer. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202895006. p. 89–110. doi: 10.23865/cdf.266.ch5. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In the Norwegian welfare state, family caregivers are increasingly regarded as a vital resource, as the number of people requiring health and care services continues to grow while the working-age population remains stable. In this context, the concept of co-creation has become more prominent in policy, research, and practice. Within the framework of “public service logic” (PSL), co-creation entails that service recipients and providers integrate their resources, such as knowledge and skill, to generate value. Scholars working in the PSL framework seem to assume that co-creation is inherently democratic and fosters social justice, yet they lack a clear framework for how justice is achieved or what kind of public value co-creation requires. In this chapter, we investigate the understanding of value co-creation inherent in the PSL framework and highlight forms of injustice in the opportunity for equal co-creation relationships between family caregivers and service providers, addressing a missing normative dimension in PSL. We explore: 1) what normative considerations are essential for fair co-creation conditions between relatives and service providers; and 2) how this reflection can deepen the understanding of the relationship between public and private value creation. By means of Nancy Fraser’s theory of recognition and empirical examples from research on family caregivers of children with disabilities, we illustrate how various dimensions of structural injustice manifest in co-creation contexts. We argue that Fraser’s principles of redistribution, recognition, and representation should be central to value co-creation practice and theory, proposing justice as a guiding normative concern in the development of PSL.

• Breemer, Rosemarie van den (2025). Overcoming Epistemic Injustice in the Communicative Relationship Between Educational Professionals and Families with Children with Congenital Deafblindness. In Hartshorne, Timothy S.; Janssen, Marleen J. & Wittich, Walter (Ed.), Learning, Education, and Support of Deafblind Children and Adults: An Interdisciplinary Lifespan Approach. Oxford University Press. ISSN 9780191981845. p. 228–239. doi: 10.1093/oso/9780192887221.003.0021. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  By examining a family vignette through a theoretical framework of epistemic injustice, this chapter shows how families of children with congenital deafblindness (CDB) can suffer harm in their capacity as knowers in the communicative relationship with educational professionals. In the situation of their child’s misdiagnosis, the child with CDB is not the only one who can suffer deflated credibility. Family members, by association, risk not being heard or believed by professionals, because of negative prejudices towards them as “difficult” or “overemotional.” Such forms of injustice have remained unidentified in deafblind studies. Furthermore, applying this theoretical framework to family experiences can help us see how structural factors—such as a lack of knowledge about deafblindness at the societal level or an insufficient understanding of family knowledge—can exacerbate prejudices towards family members within the family–professional relationship. The chapter proposes solutions to overcome such epistemic injustice.

• Breemer, Rosemarie van den & Maussen, Marcel (2025). Institutional bias and Islamic burial space in France and the Netherlands. Ethnicities. ISSN 1468-7968. 25(4), p. 1–22. doi: 10.1177/14687968251327836. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In both France and the Netherlands, the issue of Islamic burial has presented itself within a broader context of growing cultural and religious diversity resulting from immigration. This article investigates how institutional biases shape the ability of Muslim communities to have their burial needs met. It contributes by introducing a conceptualization and typology of institutional bias, offering a framework for understanding the skewed patterns of formal and informal structuration that affect groups and individuals based on markers of social identity, including ethnicity and religion. To better capture how biases operate, the article identifies three types of institutional bias: regulative, symbolic, and material. Against the backdrop of prevailing institutional frameworks governing burials, it examines how these biases shape opportunities for Muslim communities. The findings suggest that the Dutch context is more accommodating, as various collective solutions (such as confessional cemeteries and designated parcels) exist, and the burial domain is less burdened by symbolic bias in the form of secularist values and political imageries. In France, by contrast, the Republican principle that cemeteries are municipally owned and administered creates a regulative and symbolic bias in the form of structural obstacles to the establishment of Muslim cemeteries and the formal recognition of Islamic burial parcels. Nevertheless, pragmatic accommodations occur, often through reinterpretations of existing material biases, the bending of formal rules, or the de-symbolization of spatial arrangements that mark religious boundaries.

• Breemer, Rosemarie van den; Arnesdatter, Grete Steigen; Tostrup, Camilla Lyngar & Lid, Inger Marie (2024). Vulnerability in Inclusive Research: Exploring Co- and Professional Researchers’ Experiences in a Community-Based Participatory Project on the Disability Family. International Journal of Qualitative Methods (IJQM). 23, p. 1–13. doi: 10.1177/16094069241236181. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In the transition to a less protectionist research ethics paradigm—in which vulnerable groups are no longer excluded from participating in research—academic researchers need to think differently about vulnerability. By means of a collective autoethnographic investigation of professional and co-researcher’s experiences in a community-based participatory research (CBPR) project, this article explores how vulnerability is experienced and perceived in the work process and how to respond to vulnerability. It finds that vulnerability manifests in two main ways—that of feeling “emotional hurt” and “epistemic selfdoubt”— and that it comes from two main layers: the lived life and from working within CBPR. The main argument in the article is that vulnerability is inevitable in qualitative research like CBPR, when involving persons in vulnerable life situations. We propose four key recommendations for future research: (a) accept vulnerability as an inevitable part of CBPR, (b) balance protection with participant autonomy in situ and together as a team, (c) use a processual approach because ethical risks in the research context might alter over time, and (d) accept that placing co-researchers at the center of interpretative authority can increase professional researcher’s vulnerability. The article expands existing understandings of ethical issues and risk in inclusive research through a combined and innovative focus on both professional and co-researcher’s lived experiences.

• Demic, Sadeta; Breemer, Rosemarie van den; Hanisch, Halvor Melbye & Lid, Inger Marie (2024). Care and choice architecture: Relatives’ support for adults with intellectual disabilities in supported decision-making processes. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities. ISSN 1744-6295. doi: 10.1177/17446295241297184. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) describes supported decision making as a fundamental human right. This study explores relatives’ experiences, dilemmas, as well as key factors in supported decision-making processes with adults with intellectual disabilities living in municipal housing. The study draws on qualitative, in-depth interviews with relatives. Findings suggest that we can learn about supported decision making by using choice architecture and care theories, demonstrating that: (a) care sometimes requires facilitating for making decisions, what we here understands in light of choice architecture, (b) choice architecture in the context of intellectual disability requires an intentionality of care and a focus on the person’s preferences/perspective, (c) relatives are concerned, not only with support in the moment, but also the effect of the decision in the long term, and (d) relatives’ care is a significant factor in meeting choice architecture in systemic conditions.

• Lid, Inger Marie; Chalachanova, Anna; Breemer, Rosemarie van den & Raustøl, Anne (2024). Recognizing students with intellectual disabilities in higher education. Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy. 11(1). doi: 10.1080/20020317.2024.2382366. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  According to Article 24 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), state parties recognize the right of persons with disabilities to education. In this paper we focus on access to higher education for persons with intellectual disabilities and the recognition or non-recognition of these persons as students and learners. The year 2024 marks 30 years since the Salamanca Statement was adopted, and the system of inclusive education still faces many challenges. One challenge is that persons with intellectual disabilities have not yet been included in higher education, although they are included in primary and secondary education as students in special needs education. The aim of this article is to identify and discuss possibilities and obstacles that may be arise when granting persons with intellectual disabilities participation in higher education. Based on experiences from a single case study – a pilot project developing a higher education programme in human rights for students with intellectual disabilities – we examine possibilities and obstacles at the institutional level. Using Honneth’s relational theory of recognition, we analyse the results with a focus on what can be learned from this project in regard to welcoming students with intellectual disabilities in higher education.

• Demic, Sadeta; Breemer, Rosemarie van den; Hanisch, Halvor Melbye & Lid, Inger Marie (2023). Beslutningsstøtte i kommunale botilbud for personer med utviklingshemming. Fontene forskning. ISSN 1890-9868. 1(16). Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Tjenesteytere i kommunale helse- og omsorgstjenester for personer med utviklingshemming møtes med krav om kompetanse innen CRPD (FN-konvensjonen om rettighetene til mennesker med nedsatt funksjonsevne) og beslutningsstøtte. Dette aktualiserer studiens hensikt om å kartlegge tjenesteyternes a) bruk av ordet beslutningsstøtte, b) kjennskap til beslutningsstøtte og c) profesjonelle praksiser som kan betegnes som beslutningsstøttepraksiser. Studien er en deskriptiv kartleggingsstudie som bygger på en kvantitativ spørreundersøkelse blant primærkontakter og avdelingsledere fra kommunale botilbud for personer med utviklingshemming i to fylker i Norge. Analysen ble gjennomført i SPSS. Studien avdekker at implementering av beslutningsstøtte er kommet ganske kort, at opplæring er implementeringsdrivende og at det er stort behov for menneskerettslig ansvar.

• Breemer, Rosemarie van den (2022). Epistemisk urettferdighet og motstand i livet til familier med barn med nedsatt funksjonsevne. In Lid, Inger Marie & Wyller, Trygve (Ed.), Makt, motmakt og praksis. Bidrag til kritisk refleksjon innen diakoni og velferd. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISSN 9788202765309. p. 21–42. doi: 10.23865/noasp.167.ch1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this article, I explore epistemic injustice and resistance in structural care relationships between healthcare professionals and families with children with disabilities. I address specific epistemic challenges these families may face and elaborate on them in light of Fricker’s (2007) framework of epistemic injustice. I argue that families of children with disabilities are doubly vulnerable to testimonial injustice. Negative prejudices like being a ‘lost cause’ or ‘lacking agency’ towards the child can lower his/her status as a knower. However, this can also affect the parents’ epistemic status. Parents are at risk of not being believed by healthcare providers because they are associated with the marked child and prejudged as, for example, ‘overemotive’ or ‘in denial’. Drawing on Foucault’s notion of counter conduct, I also show how speakers (families) are not necessarily entirely powerless. Even when they are not believed, they can deploy important strategies of resistance. This focus on counter-conduct can complement Fricker’s framework and make the debate on epistemic injustice more sensitive to the theme of speaker resistance. Furthermore, describing acts of counter-conduct might convince parents that their resistance matters, even if it is not always immediately successful.

• Breemer, Rosemarie van den; Wyller, Trygve E & Casanova, Jose (2014). Introduction. In Breemer, Rosemarie van den; Wyller, Trygve E & Casanova, Jose (Ed.), Secular and Sacred? The Scandinavian Case of Religion in Human Rights, Law and Public Space. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISSN 9783525604496. p. 9–21. doi: 10.13109/9783666604492.9. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The crisis of modern Western secularity has prompted an analysis of the category of the secular. The presumption that modernity would lead to religious decline and increasing privatization of religion and that this European pattern could serve as a universal template for modernization has given way to an investigation into the variety of secularities, secularizations, and secularisms. Consequently, the focus has shifted to multiple secularities in a variety of national and cultural contexts, both in Europe and elsewhere. Scandinavian countries such as Denmark, Norway, and Sweden are notably underresearched in this respect. In global comparisons, they are often grouped under Europe, but in European debates, they are often omitted or placed in the category of countries with established churches (such as England or Greece). Their distinctively Lutheran brand of Protestantism poses a challenge to our theories of secularization and our conceptions of secularity. A highly secular public (in terms of belief and practice), yet a strong religious presence in their legal systems and public institutions, is characteristic of these Nordic countries. From the perspective of Protestant theology, this ambiguity has been characterized as ‘a hidden sacrality’ in the secular. More interdisciplinary research is needed, however. From the perspective of the social sciences, this ambiguity has not been addressed other than in that it reveals a lack of secularity or secularization. This book examines Scandinavian secularity and explores a range of explanations and interpretations of this ambiguous reality. Combining contributions from the social sciences (law, sociology, and political science) with theology and religious studies, the book's individual contributors explore ways of coming to terms with this ambiguity within their respective disciplines.

• Breemer, Rosemarie van den (2014). Graveyards and Secularism in Norway: in search of a fitting category. In Breemer, Rosemarie van den; Wyller, Trygve E & Casanova, Jose (Ed.), Secular and Sacred? The Scandinavian Case of Religion in Human Rights, Law and Public Space. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISSN 9783525604496. p. 170–196. doi: 10.13109/9783666604492.170. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  As part of a general investigation into Nordic secularity, I analyze in this article the Norwegian state’s attitude towards religion and religious diversity in the graveyard. I explore the viability of categories like ‘establishment secularism’ and ‘Judeo-Christian/accommodative secularism’ fitting this reality. My conclusion is that both these categories capture an important dynamic in the Norwegian mode of religious governance, but they risk reifying what is a much more complex and ambiguous situation. Departing from a view of modes of religious governance as ‘internally heterogeneous’ (Bowen: 2007) and taking a historical and contextual approach to the 1996 legal amendment, which made the Church of Norway responsible for Norwegian graveyards, I show that the Norwegian mode of religious governance consists of several strands. It entails not only a tradition of remaining establishment and increasing religious accommodation, but also that of disestablishment and increasing independence of church bodies within the state and municipal framework. I thus propose a more refined and dynamic characterization of the Norwegian model and reveal the existence of a multiplicity of Norwegian secularities.

• Breemer, Rosemarie van den & Wyller, Trygve E (2014). Conclusion. In Breemer, Rosemarie van den; Wyller, Trygve E & Casanova, Jose (Ed.), Secular and Sacred? The Scandinavian Case of Religion in Human Rights, Law and Public Space. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISSN 9783525604496. p. 312–318. doi: 10.13109/9783666604492.312. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this concluding chapter, we summarize some of the findings of this anthology, arguing that the ‘Scandinavian secularities’ we have examined across a range of public domains in the Nordic countries differ from Calvinist and American Protestant contexts in a key respect: they reflect a deep intertwinement of religion and secular public spheres, including at the state and political levels. This intertwinement cannot be understood as a mere relic of the past. As the product of modern political choices and distinctively Scandinavian ways of being, it highlights the need to rethink prevailing conceptions of secularization and secularity, and to bring the Lutheran Nordic variant of Protestantism into the broader international discussion of the secular.

• Breemer, Rosemarie van den & Maussen, Marcel (2012). On the Viability of State-Church Models: Muslim Burial and Mosque Building in France and the Netherlands. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies. ISSN 1556-2948. 10(3), p. 279–298. doi: 10.1080/15562948.2012.693037. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Do national institutional repertoires of religious governance still have an effect on the accommodation of Muslims' religious needs in France and the Netherlands? Or do they become inconsequential because of increasing European pressures on liberal democracies to accommodate? Comparing the institutional accommodations towards Muslims in the burial domain and the building of mosques, this article argues the impact of national repertoires to be visible when sensitive to differences in kind. The relevant comparative question should no longer be whether governments accommodate Muslim demands for recognition, but which demands are accommodated, in what ways, and for what reasons.

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• Breemer, Rosemarie van den (2021). Governing Cemeteries: State Responses to the New Diversity in The Netherlands, Norway and France. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 9783525567326. 341 p. doi: https:/www.vr-elibrary.de/doi/abs/10.13109/9783666567322. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This book compares state responses to Muslim and humanist burial needs in three European countries. Such accommodation is typically understood in terms of national models. Van den Breemer, however, shows that policy responses in fact follow distinctive types of logic between the various levels of governance, and that material solutions matter as well. While indeed large legal and discursive national differences between states remain, in praxis they do the same. In a departure from this major finding, the book outlines a methodologically more coherent research agenda for the comparative study of religion, secularism, society, and state.

• Breemer, Rosemarie van den; Wyller, Trygve E & Casanova, Jose (2014). Secular and Sacred? The Scandinavian Case of Religion in Human Rights, Law and Public Space. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. ISBN 9783525604496. 328 p. doi: 10.13109/9783666604492. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The crisis of modern Western secularity has prompted an analysis of the category of the secular. The presumption that modernity would lead to religious decline and the increasing privatization of religion, and that this European pattern could serve as a universal template for modernization, has given way to an investigation into the variety of secularities, secularizations, and secularisms. Consequently, the focus has shifted to multiple secularities in a variety of national and cultural contexts, both in Europe and elsewhere. Scandinavian countries such as Denmark, Norway, and Sweden are notably underresearched in this respect. In global comparisons, they are often grouped under Europe, but in European debates, they are often omitted or placed in the category of countries with established churches (such as England or Greece). Their distinctively Lutheran brand of Protestantism poses a challenge to our theories of secularization and our conceptions of secularity. These Nordic countries are characterized by a highly secular public (in terms of belief and practice), yet a strong religious presence in their legal systems and public institutions. From the perspective of Protestant theology, this ambiguity has been characterized as ‘a hidden sacrality’ in the secular. More interdisciplinary research is, however, needed. From a social-scientific perspective, this ambiguity has not been addressed beyond noting a lack of secularity or secularization. This book examines Scandinavian secularity and explores a range of explanations and interpretations of this ambiguous reality. Drawing on contributions from the social sciences (law, sociology, and political science) and theology and religious studies, the book's contributors explore ways to come to terms with this ambiguity within their respective disciplines.

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• Breemer, Rosemarie Van den & Koncul, Ana (2026). Wilful Ignorance of Genuine Joy: Affective and Epistemic Disruption in Healthcare Ethics. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie van den (2026). Institutional Precarity and the Disability Citizen Parent. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie van den (2026). Affective Governance in Health Care Spaces. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van den (2025). On the Transmission of Experiential Knowledge in Inclusive Education. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van den (2025). Making Lived Experience Matter: A Framework for the Transmission and Uptake of Experiential Knowledge in Welfare Institutions. Full text in Research Archive
• Steigen, Grete & Breemer, Rosemarie Van den (2024). Sårbarhet i Inkluderende Forskning: Erfaringer fra et CBPR Prosjekt. Full text in Research Archive
• den, Rosemarie Breemer van (2024). On the notion of Home as Modern Care Space. Full text in Research Archive
• den, Rosemarie Breemer van (2024). Institutional Bias and Islamic Burial Space. Full text in Research Archive
• den, Rosemarie Breemer van & Liston, Lilias (2024). Les enjeux de la communication entre les familles et les professionnels dans le domaine de la surdicécité. Full text in Research Archive
• den, Rosemarie Breemer van (2024). Epistemic injustice in communicative practices for families with children with congenital deaf blindness. Full text in Research Archive
• den, Rosemarie Breemer van & Liston, Lilias (2023). Family Knowledge in Deafblind Research and Education: A Changing Institutional and Epistemic Landscape. Full text in Research Archive
• den, Rosemarie Breemer van (2023). Family Experiences and the Need for Recognition. Full text in Research Archive
• den, Rosemarie Breemer van (2023). Familie kunnskap og anerkjennelse i velferdsstatens hjelpeapparat. Full text in Research Archive
• den, Rosemarie Breemer van (2023). "It is true not a coping strategy”: Making analytic space for positive experiences in the everyday citizenship of disability families. Full text in Research Archive
• den, Rosemarie Breemer van & Liston, Lilias (2022). Research by parents of persons with congenital deaf-blindness. Full text in Research Archive
• den, Rosemarie Breemer van (2022). Starting Thought from ‘Lived experiences’: Combining Auto Theory and Participatory Research. Full text in Research Archive
• den, Rosemarie Breemer van (2022). Heterotopical Diaconia. Full text in Research Archive
• den, Rosemarie Breemer van (2021). Parents as co-researchers: participatory research in a project on family experiences with children with congenital deafblindness. Full text in Research Archive
• den, Rosemarie Breemer van (2021). Epistemic Injustice: Theory and Application. Full text in Research Archive
• den, Rosemarie Breemer van (2021). Book launch of Governing Cemeteries. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Book launch of Governing Cemeteries and discussion with critics José Casanova, Trygve Wyller, Yolande Jansen and Veit Bader

• den, Rosemarie Breemer van (2020). The Disability Family. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van Den & Wyller, Trygve E (2013). On the notion of Scandinavian secularity: intertwinement in public spaces, Human Rights and law. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van Den (2013). Book launch: Secular and Sacred? The Scandinavian case of religion in Human Rights, law and public space. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In this panel, Jose Casanova, and the co-authors of a newly published anthology “Secular and Sacred?” discuss the particular features of Scandinavian secularity in light of a global academic discussion on secularism and its varieties. Challenging standard conceptions of the secular as the opposite or absence of religion, the panelists explore the peculiar mixture of religion and secular institutions (law, HR and public spaces), which characterizes the Nordic countries. Combining insights from both the social sciences as well as Lutheran theology the panelists will explore a variety of interpretations of this ambiguous reality, a situation that the authors have dubbed as ‘intertwinement’. The authors postulate that, rather than understanding the Scandinavian reality as revealing a lack of secularization or secularity, what we might be dealing with here is a different type or pattern of secularization or secularity: one in which a certain degree of intertwinement is key. Bryan Turner will respond. The discussion is open to the general public, followed by a reception. Panelists: Jose Casanova (Professor of sociology, Georgetown University) Trygve Wyller (Professor of theology, University of Oslo) Rosemarie van den Breemer (Ph.D. Candidate, faculty of theology, University of Oslo) Respondent: Brian Turner (Professor in sociology, CUNY, USA)

• Breemer, Rosemarie Van Den (2013). Varieties of secularism? Comparative reflections on Norway's burial domain against the foil of France. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van Den (2012). Why humanists are like Muslims: an institutional comparison of religious governance on the graveyard in Norway and France. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van Den (2012). Religious Governance on the Norwegian church-yard: Norwegian or lack of secularism? Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van Den (2012). Lack of secularism or “Lutheran secularism”? Comparative reflections on Norway’s burial administration against the foil of France. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van Den (2010). On the Use-fulness of Secularism as a Social Scientific Concept. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van Den (2010). On the Viability of State Church Models: Mosques and cemeteries in France, the Netherlands and Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van Den (2010). Humanisten: outcasts van Noorwegen. De Begraafplaats. p. 16–19. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van Den (2010). The French and Dutch Muslim parcel compared: An Institutionalist account of Religious Governance and Secularism on the Cemetery. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van Den (2010). Moslimbegraafplaatsen in Frankrijk: het is soms balanceren. De Begraafplaats. p. 16–19. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van Den (2010). Secularism Contested: Bader versus Bhargava on the status of the Concept of Secularism. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van Den (2010). Secularism in Practice: An Investigation of the Burial domain in Europe. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van Den (2009). Secularization and Religious Governance in the Burial Domain; a Comparative Study of France, the Netherlands and Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van Den & Michalowski, Ines (2009). On National Models of Integration versus European Harmonization and Transnational Citizenship. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van Den & Maussen, Marcel (2009). On the Viability of State Church Models: Mosques and cemeteries in France, the Netherlands and Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van Den (2009). Beyond Conventional Models of Religious Governance. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van Den (2009). Contextual Theory: Bridging Social Science and Normative Theory. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van Den (2007). Secularism in Europe: Theoretical and Empirical Observations. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van Den (2007). Secularism Revisited. Full text in Research Archive
• Breemer, Rosemarie Van den (2019). Governing Cemeteries: State Responses to the New Diversity in The Netherlands, Norway and France. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  How do states respond to new religious and cultural diversity? This thesis explores that question through the prism of cemeteries. Comparing state responses to Muslims burial needs and humanists in Norway it provides a striking image of societal accommodation. Such accommodation is typically understood in terms of national models. French laïcité, Dutch pillarization, or Norwegian establishment, authors argue, explain how these countries react to newcomers. This study shows that, upon closer scrutiny, policy responses follow distinctive logics between levels of governance. And it shows that we have to look at material solutions as well. While indeed large legal and discursive national differences between states remain, in praxis they do the same. The thesis examines laws, national policies, municipal provisions and discourse over time and engages a meta theoretical debate over appropriate conceptual/ theoretical frameworks. Synthesizing a religious governance framework from the social sciences with insights from post-colonial and religious studies, the thesis suggests a methodologically more coherent research agenda for the comparative study of religion, secularism, society and state.

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