Anna Drożdżowicz

• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2025). Voice, speaker identity, and communication. Inquiry (Oslo). ISSN 0020-174X. p. 1–37. doi: 10.1080/0020174x.2025.2572489. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2025). Conversational pressures at work: professional roles and communication in mental healthcare settings. Synthese. ISSN 0039-7857. 205(3). doi: 10.1007/s11229-024-04839-x. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna & Phillips, Kim Pedersen (2025). Linguistic understanding: perception and inference. Inquiry (Oslo). ISSN 0020-174X. doi: 10.1080/0020174X.2024.2442692. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Consider reading the news about the recent election, taking part in a classroom discussion about injustice, or having a conversation about dinner, with your friend. In these cases, you rely on your capacity for linguistic understanding. How do we come to understand what other people communicate to us on particular occasions? In recent philosophical debates about this question, we find two broad approaches: the perceptual approach, which claims that we come to understand an utterance by employing broadly perceptual capacities to perceive or quasi-perceive the utterance’s meaning; and the inferential approach, which claims that we come to understand an utterance by employing broadly inferential capacities to infer what is being conveyed by an utterance. This paper focuses on the debates concerning these two approaches. We provide conceptual and methodological clarifications regarding linguistic understanding and introduce some of the key philosophical debates concerning its nature, including those concerning its phenomenology and underlying psychology, with a focus on the role of perception and inference. We also discuss some epistemological questions concerning the understanding of linguistic utterances and different views that try to explain its epistemological role(s). This paper is an introduction to the special issue ‘Linguistic Understanding: Perception and Inference’.

• Drożdżowicz, Anna & Grodniewicz, J.P. (2025). Epistemic injustice and psychotherapy. Philosophical Psychology. ISSN 0951-5089. doi: 10.1080/09515089.2025.2519320. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2024). Illusions in speech sound and voice perception. Philosophical Psychology. ISSN 0951-5089. doi: 10.1080/09515089.2024.2306817. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna & Peled, Yael (2024). The complexities of linguistic discrimination. Philosophical Psychology. ISSN 0951-5089. 37(6), p. 1459–1482. doi: 10.1080/09515089.2024.2307993. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2023). Self-illness ambiguity and anorexia nervosa. Philosophical Explorations. ISSN 1386-9795. 26(1), p. 127–145. doi: 10.1080/13869795.2023.2168033. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Self-illness ambiguity is a difficulty to distinguish the ‘self’ or ‘who one is’ from one's mental disorder or diagnosis. Although self-illness ambiguity in a psychiatric context is often deemed to be a negative phenomenon, it may occasionally have a positive role too. This paper investigates whether and in what sense self-illness ambiguity could have a positive role in the process of recovery and self-development in some psychiatric contexts by focusing on a specific case of mental disorder – anorexia nervosa.

• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2023). Linguistic modalities and the sources of linguistic utterances. Synthese. ISSN 0039-7857. 201(5). doi: 10.1007/s11229-023-04062-0. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  As an object of philosophical study, language is typically considered as an abstract object rather than a lived phenomenon that comes with rich and varied phenomenology. And yet our modes of engaging with language are complex and many. The first goal of this paper is to illustrate this variety by looking at some of the linguistic modalities and forms of communication. The second goal is to suggest that at least in some specific philosophical debates, language and communication should be investigated in the context of the various linguistic modalities and forms of communication. This will be done by considering how attention to some of the linguistic modalities and forms of communication may affect philosophical debates concerning: the nature of words, language and linguistic understanding, as well as the relation between linguistic utterances and their sources.

• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2022). Making it precise—Imprecision and underdetermination in linguistic communication. Synthese. ISSN 0039-7857. 200(3). doi: 10.1007/s11229-022-03544-x. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  How good are we at understanding what others communicate? It often seems to us, at least, that we understand quite well what others convey when speaking in a familiar language. However, a growing body of evidence from the psychology of language suggests that in various communicative settings comprehenders routinely form linguistic representations that are underdetermined, “sketchy”, “shallow” or imprecise, often without noticing it. The paper discusses some important conse-quences of this evidence. Following recent discussions in this strand of research, I outline how the evidence is currently best interpreted as supporting a view on which operating at a certain level of imprecision and underdetermination is a functional feature of the system responsible for comprehension of linguistic utterances in hu-mans. That this kind of imprecision and underdetermination is part and parcel of linguistic interactions, makes the exact success rate of comprehension particularly hard to estimate. This poses a unique and interesting challenge for assessing the quality of linguistic comprehension. Understanding what a speaker intended to con-vey with a linguistic utterance may be less transparent than it appears to us. I will discuss the extent to which this evidence may lead to pessimism about how good we are at comprehending what others communicate. However, as I will argue in the last part of the paper, in various cases language users can be sensitive to some types of imprecision and underdetermination in comprehension and make up for it by means of various forms of post hoc deliberation. I will describe some such clarificatory contexts and end by charting a map of important issues that require further investigation.

• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2021). Epistemic injustice in psychiatric practice: epistemic duties and the phenomenological approach. Journal of Medical Ethics. ISSN 0306-6800. p. 1–5. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106679. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2021). Experiences of linguistic understanding as epistemic feelings. Mind & Language. ISSN 0268-1064. p. 1–22. doi: 10.1111/mila.12346. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2020). Increasing the role of phenomenology in psychiatric diagnosis – the clinical staging approach. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy. ISSN 0360-5310. doi: 10.1093/jmp/jhaa022. Full text in Research Archive
• Brøcker, Karen; Drożdżowicz, Anna & Schindler, Samuel (2020). Introduction. In Schindler, Samuel; Drożdżowicz, Anna & Brøcker, Karen (Ed.), Linguistic Intuitions: Evidence and Method. Oxford University Press. ISSN 9780198840558. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2020). Intuitions about meaning, experience and reliability. In Schindler, Samuel; Drożdżowicz, Anna & Brøcker, Karen (Ed.), Linguistic Intuitions: Evidence and Method. Oxford University Press. ISSN 9780198840558. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2020). The difficult case of complicated grief and the role of phenomenology in psychiatry. Phenomenology and Mind. ISSN 2280-7853. 18, p. 98–109. doi: 10.17454/pam-1808. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2020). Bringing back the voice – on the auditory objects of speech perception. Synthese. ISSN 0039-7857. p. 1–27. doi: 10.1007/s11229-020-02687-z. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  When you hear a person speaking in a familiar language you perceive the speech sounds uttered and the voice that produces them. How are speech sounds and voice related in a typical auditory experience of hearing speech in a particular voice? And how to conceive of the objects of such experiences? I propose a conception of auditory objects of speech perception as temporally structured mereologically complex individuals. A common experience is that speech sounds and the voice that produces them appear united. I argue that the metaphysical underpinnings of the experienced unity of speech sounds and voices can be explained in terms of the mereological view on sounds and their sources. I also propose a psychological explanation (the Voice Shaping Speech model) of how we form and individuate the auditory objects of experiences of listening to speech in a particular voice. Voice characteristics enable determining the identity of auditory objects of speech sound perception by making some features of the speech signal stable and predictable.

• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2019). Do we hear meanings? – between perception and cognition. Inquiry (Oslo). ISSN 0020-174X. p. 1–33. doi: 10.1080/0020174X.2019.1612774. Full text in Research Archive
• Kałamała, Patrycja; Drożdżowicz, Anna; Szewczyk, Jakub; Marzecova, Anna & Wodniecka, Zofia (2018). Task strategy may contribute to performance differences between monolinguals and bilinguals in cognitive control tasks: ERP evidence. Journal of Neurolinguistics. ISSN 0911-6044. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2017.12.013. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2018). Philosophical expertise beyond intuitions. Philosophical Psychology. ISSN 0951-5089. 31(2), p. 253–277. doi: 10.1080/095. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2018). Speakers’ Intuitive Judgements about Meaning – The Voice of Performance View. Review of Philosophy and Psychology. ISSN 1878-5158. 9(1), p. 177–195. doi: 10.1007/s13164-017-0349-0. Full text in Research Archive
• Drozdzowicz, Anna Daria (2016). Speakers' Intuitions about Meaning Provide Empirical Evidence - Towards Experimental Pragmatics. In Hinton, Martin (Eds.), Evidence, Experiment and Argument in Linguistics and Philosophy of Language (Studies in Philosophy of Language and Linguistics). Peter Lang Publishing Group. ISSN 9783631661895. p. 65–90. Full text in Research Archive
• Drozdzowicz, Anna Daria (2016). Descriptive ineffability reconsidered. Lingua. ISSN 0024-3841. 177, p. 1–16. doi: 10.1016/j.lingua.2015.12.011. Full text in Research Archive

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• Schindler, Samuel; Drożdżowicz, Anna & Brøcker, Karen (2020). Linguistic Intuitions: Evidence and Method. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198840558. 320 p. Full text in Research Archive

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• Drożdżowicz, Anna & Grodniewicz, J.P. (2026). Psychotherapy, self-understanding, and epistemic injustice. doi: https:/epistemicinjusticeinhealthcareproject.blogspot.com/2026/01/psychotherapy-self-understanding-and.html. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2025). Lingustic agency and autonomy. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2025). Conversation, voice, and identity. Full text in Research Archive
• Pollock, Joanna Katharine Mary; Drożdżowicz, Anna & Peled, Yael (2025). INTERVIEW: Anna Drożdżowicz and Yael Peled on ‘The complexities of linguistic discrimination’. doi: https:/www.joeykpollock.net/blog/interview-anna-drozdzowicz-and-yael-peled-on-the-complexities-of-linguistic-discrimination. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2025). Conversational pressures at work. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2025). Voice, speaker identity, and communication. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2025). Conversation, voice, and valence. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2025). Linguistic agency and autonomy. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2025). Conversation and control. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2024). Judging speaker from their voice. Full text in Research Archive
• Korne, Haley De; Moen, Ole Martin; Drożdżowicz, Anna & Delsett, Lene Liebe (2024). #13 Tverrfaglighet - til glede eller besvær? [Radio]. Forskerrådet. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna & Grodniewicz, J.P. (2024). Epistemic injustice and psychotherapy. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2024). Perceiving Voice and Speaker – Scope, data and tools. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2024). The value of conversation (and the rise of conversational assistants). Full text in Research Archive
• Grodniewicz, J.P. & Drożdżowicz, Anna (2024). Epistemic injustice and psychotherapy. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna & Peled, Yael (2023). Implicit Bias and Linguistic Discrimination. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2023). Linguistic Communication in Mental Healthcare Settings – Towards a Normative Framework. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna & Peled, Yael (2023). Epistemic injustice and linguistic exclusion: insights from Covid-19 response. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2023). Speaker impressions and risky inferences. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna & Grodniewicz, J.P. (2023). Epistemic injustice in psychotherapy. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2023). Foreign accent, in focus. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2023). Voice perception and speaker impressions. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2022). Situating native and non-native speakers. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2022). Auditory illusions in speech sound perception. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2022). Troubles with Unintended Linguistic Discrimination. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2022). Self-illness ambiguity as a resource. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2022). Introduction to the PVS project and the Perils of Perceiving Voice and Speaker. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2022). Epistemic injustice in psychiatry and epistemic duties. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2021). "Sketchy” linguistic representations and (meta)linguistic communication. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2021). Hearing the speaker’s voice and the voice-face analogy. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2021). Varieties of linguistic understanding. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2021). Underdetermined linguistic representations and (meta)linguistic communication. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2020). Linguistic understanding and massive underdetermination of linguistic representations. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2020). On the auditory experience of speech sounds and voices. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2020). From saying to seeing. Review of Berit Brogaard: Seeing and Saying: The language of perception and the Representational View of Experience. Metascience. ISSN 0815-0796. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2019). Careful with knowledge ascriptions! Review of: Mikkel Gerken, On Folk Epistemology. Metascience. ISSN 0815-0796. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2019). Intuitive judgements and the perceptual analogy. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2019). Experiences of understanding and their epistemic role. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2019). The foreign accent bias – a normative perspective. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2019). On what is experienced when listening to language. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2019). Linguistic understanding and conscious experience. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2019). Linguistic intuitions. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2019). On the auditory experience of speech and voice. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna; Saint-Germier, Pierre & Schindler, Samuel (2018). Must philosophy be constrained? Review of: Edouard Machery, Philosophy within its proper bounds. Metascience. ISSN 0815-0796. Full text in Research Archive
• Drożdżowicz, Anna (2018). Experiences of understanding as reasons. Full text in Research Archive
• Drozdzowicz, Anna Daria (2015). Investigating utterance meaning – Essays in the epistemology of Language. Universitetet i Oslo. Full text in Research Archive

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